Patterns

Every pattern here is a rule over stored candles, written out step by step below. Pick a name and a candle size, then one pattern to test — or let the library look for anything in progress. A hit is an observation of what the candles just did; what followed the earlier hits on the same name is counted and shown beside it, every hit included. For what the candles in progress say about the coming hours and days, open the outlook; to be told when a pattern completes, sign in and tap Alert me on any card.

Test a name

Company or symbol Candle Pattern or wave Judge after candles

Defaults shown are for hourly candles; change the candle size and re-test to see that size's defaults. Intraday candles exist only for names on a reader's watchlist, from the day they were added; daily candles go back to 2021.

Mahindra Logistics Limited · MAHLOG · hourly candles

35 candles on file from 2026-09-28 09:15 as of Mon 5 Oct, 15:15 IST last close ₹406.75 judged 4 candles after each hit the outlook for the coming hours and days →

In progress now Move of X% within M candles · down · Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST In progress now Doji · neutral · Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST In progress now Trend line: slope, length, strength · down · Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST

The candles, with the hits marked

last 35 of 35 · shaded = the formation · triangle = the candle it completed on · dashed = a level the latest hit named

In progress now Move of X% within M candles · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

9 hits in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit on the latest hourly candle — Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST

Move of X% within M candles completed on the candle that closed at Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST, a down reading. That is the newest candle on file, so this is in progress now.

What the candles did

-1.15% in the last 3 candles, 411.50 to 406.75.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A fast move: the close is at least X% away from where it was M candles ago. Read as a burst of one-sided flow.

What followed on this name's own record

After 8 earlier hits on this name's hourly candles, the close 4 candles later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 5 times of 8 (62%). Median move in the hit's direction +0.76%; best +3.17%, worst -3.16%. Within the window the move typically reached +1.61% in the hit's favour and -0.79% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · pct = 1, candles = 3

For each candle, take the close M candles earlier.
Move % = close now / close then − 1.
The pattern completes when |move %| ≥ pct; direction is the sign.
Consecutive candles that all qualify in the same direction count once, at the first of them.

The last 9 hits on this name

Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST down -1.15% in the last 3 candles, 411.50 to 406.75.
Mon 05 Oct 2026, 10:15 IST down -1.35% in the last 3 candles, 417.30 to 411.65.
Thu 01 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST down -2.42% in the last 3 candles, 433.80 to 423.30.
Thu 01 Oct 2026, 09:15 IST down -2.05% in the last 3 candles, 436.10 to 427.15.
Wed 30 Sep 2026, 11:15 IST up +1.92% in the last 3 candles, 424.00 to 432.15.
Tue 29 Sep 2026, 14:15 IST down -1.42% in the last 3 candles, 433.00 to 426.85.
Tue 29 Sep 2026, 11:15 IST up +2.59% in the last 3 candles, 422.05 to 433.00.
Tue 29 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST down -1.35% in the last 3 candles, 424.70 to 418.95.
Mon 28 Sep 2026, 12:15 IST down -1.08% in the last 3 candles, 430.85 to 426.20.

In progress now Doji · Single-candle shapes · reading neutral

3 hits in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit on the latest hourly candle — Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST

Doji completed on the candle that closed at Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST, a neutral reading. That is the newest candle on file, so this is in progress now.

What the candles did

Body 0.25 is 3% of the 7.15 range: open 407.00, close 406.75, high 412.40, low 405.25.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Open and close almost equal: the candle ranged but ended where it began. Read as indecision.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 1 earlier hit on this name's hourly candles with 4 candles after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 4 candles later was higher 0 of 1 times, median move -1.70%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · body_pct = 10

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≤ body_pct of the range.

The last 3 hits on this name

Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST neutral Body 0.25 is 3% of the 7.15 range: open 407.00, close 406.75, high 412.40, low 405.25.
Mon 05 Oct 2026, 13:15 IST neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 3.65 range: open 411.70, close 411.70, high 414.00, low 410.35.
Mon 28 Sep 2026, 12:15 IST neutral Body 0.20 is 9% of the 2.35 range: open 426.00, close 426.20, high 427.00, low 424.65.

In progress now Trend line: slope, length, strength · Trend and waves · reading down

1 hit in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit on the latest hourly candle — Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST

Trend line: slope, length, strength has held from the candle of Mon 05 Oct 2026, 14:15 IST through the newest one on file (2 candles), a down reading. It is in progress now.

What the candles did

Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 0.39% per candle with R² 0.87; 16 candles since the high of the window, -7.08% from it, but the last close has slipped from the line.

Where it stands on the latest candle

Slope -0.40% per candle (down), R² 0.88 (straight), 17 candles from the window's high, -7.13% from it; the last close is with the line.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The straight-line fit through the last N closes: how steep, how long, how clean. This is the slope/length/strength reading (R6) and a version of the 20-candle rule that fires on a clean run even when one close in the middle dipped.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 20, min_slope_pct = 0.08, min_r2 = 0.8

Fit a least-squares line through the last N closes (x = candle index).
Slope % = slope / mean close × 100, per candle. R² = share of the variance the line explains (1 = a ruler, 0 = chop).
Length = candles since the window's low (for a rising line) or high (falling). Magnitude = % from that extreme to the last close.
Continuing = the last close is on the slope's side of the fitted line, or the last three closes all moved with the slope.
The pattern completes when |slope %| ≥ min_slope_pct and R² ≥ min_r2; consecutive qualifying candles count once, at the first.
Progress always reports the current slope, R², length, magnitude and whether it is continuing.

The last 1 hit on this name

Mon 05 Oct 2026, 14:15 IST down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 0.39% per candle with R² 0.87; 16 candles since the high of the window, -7.08% from it, but the last close has slipped from the line.

Quiet VWAP cross · Indicator-based · reading down

8 hits in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Thu 01 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST

The most recent hit of VWAP cross on the hourly candles completed at Thu 01 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST, 11 candles ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -3.91% to 406.75.

What the candles did

Closed at 423.30, below the session VWAP of 427.35 after being above it.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The close crossed the session's volume-weighted average price. Read as price moving to the other side of where the day's volume has traded.

What followed on this name's own record

After 8 earlier hits on this name's hourly candles, the close 4 candles later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 5 times of 8 (62%). Median move in the hit's direction +0.67%; best +3.55%, worst -3.07%. Within the window the move typically reached +1.50% in the hit's favour and -0.21% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked

Compute the session VWAP: cumulative Σ(typical price × volume) / Σ volume, typical price = (high + low + close) / 3, reset at each session's first candle.
The pattern completes on a candle whose close is above VWAP while the previous close was at or below it (up), or the reverse (down).
Candles without volume from the feed are skipped.

The last 8 hits on this name

Thu 01 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST down Closed at 423.30, below the session VWAP of 427.35 after being above it.
Thu 01 Oct 2026, 10:15 IST up Closed at 430.50, above the session VWAP of 428.98 after being below it.
Wed 30 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST down Closed at 433.80, below the session VWAP of 434.07 after being above it.
Wed 30 Sep 2026, 11:15 IST up Closed at 432.15, above the session VWAP of 430.83 after being below it.
Wed 30 Sep 2026, 10:15 IST down Closed at 430.45, below the session VWAP of 430.68 after being above it.
Tue 29 Sep 2026, 14:15 IST down Closed at 426.85, below the session VWAP of 429.58 after being above it.
Tue 29 Sep 2026, 10:15 IST up Closed at 422.55, above the session VWAP of 419.95 after being below it.
Mon 28 Sep 2026, 11:15 IST down Closed at 426.15, below the session VWAP of 427.60 after being above it.

Quiet Opening range breakout · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

4 hits in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 05 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST

The most recent hit of Opening range breakout on the hourly candles completed at Mon 05 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST, 4 candles ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -0.61% to 406.75.

What the candles did

Closed at 409.25, below the first 15 minutes' low of 410.30 (range 410.30–419.40).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The first minutes of the session set a range; the first close outside it is the breakout. Read as the day picking a direction.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 4 earlier hits on this name's hourly candles with 4 candles after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 4 candles later went the hit's way 3 of 4 times, median move -1.34%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · minutes = 15

For each session, take the candles inside the first `minutes` minutes from 09:15.
Opening range = highest high and lowest low of those candles.
From the first candle after the range, the pattern completes on the first close above the range high (up) or below the range low (down).
One hit per session, whichever side breaks first.

The last 4 hits on this name

Mon 05 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST down Closed at 409.25, below the first 15 minutes' low of 410.30 (range 410.30–419.40).
Thu 01 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST down Closed at 423.30, below the first 15 minutes' low of 426.30 (range 426.30–433.00).
Wed 30 Sep 2026, 12:15 IST up Closed at 438.00, above the first 15 minutes' high of 435.00 (range 423.25–435.00).
Tue 29 Sep 2026, 10:15 IST up Closed at 422.55, above the first 15 minutes' high of 421.70 (range 417.60–421.70).

Quiet Break of the previous session's high / low · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

4 hits in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 05 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST

The most recent hit of Break of the previous session's high / low on the hourly candles completed at Mon 05 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST, 4 candles ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -0.61% to 406.75.

What the candles did

Closed at 409.25, below the previous session's low of 410.20.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The first close of a session above yesterday's high (or below yesterday's low). Read as the day leaving yesterday's range.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 4 earlier hits on this name's hourly candles with 4 candles after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 4 candles later went the hit's way 2 of 4 times, median move -0.78%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked

For each session after the first on file, take the previous session's highest high and lowest low.
The pattern completes on the first close above the previous high (up), and separately on the first close below the previous low (down).
At most one hit per side per session.

The last 4 hits on this name

Mon 05 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST down Closed at 409.25, below the previous session's low of 410.20.
Thu 01 Oct 2026, 12:15 IST down Closed at 418.40, below the previous session's low of 423.25.
Wed 30 Sep 2026, 12:15 IST up Closed at 438.00, above the previous session's high of 436.40.
Tue 29 Sep 2026, 12:15 IST up Closed at 434.10, above the previous session's high of 433.90.

Quiet Inside bar, then a breakout · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

2 hits in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 05 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST

The most recent hit of Inside bar, then a breakout on the hourly candles completed at Mon 05 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST, 4 candles ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -0.61% to 406.75.

What the candles did

An inside candle (410.50–413.95) within the one before it (410.30–419.40), then a close at 409.25 below that range.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A candle whose whole range sat inside the one before it (a pause), then a close outside the mother candle's range. Read as a pause resolving.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 2 earlier hits on this name's hourly candles with 4 candles after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 4 candles later went the hit's way 1 of 2 times, median move -1.54%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked

Take three consecutive candles: mother, inside, break.
Inside: its high ≤ mother high and its low ≥ mother low.
The pattern completes when the third candle closes above the mother high (up) or below the mother low (down).

The last 2 hits on this name

Mon 05 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST down An inside candle (410.50–413.95) within the one before it (410.30–419.40), then a close at 409.25 below that range.
Wed 30 Sep 2026, 12:15 IST up An inside candle (429.80–433.05) within the one before it (429.00–433.90), then a close at 438.00 above that range.

Quiet Bullish engulfing · Multi-candle shapes · reading up

2 hits in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Thu 01 Oct 2026, 14:15 IST

The most recent hit of Bullish engulfing on the hourly candles completed at Thu 01 Oct 2026, 14:15 IST, 8 candles ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -2.53% to 406.75.

What the candles did

A down candle (417.15→413.60) followed by an up candle (412.90→417.30) whose body covers it, after -3.55% over the 5 candles before.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A down candle followed by an up candle whose body covers it, after a decline. Read as the decline being rejected in one candle.

What followed on this name's own record

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · context = 5

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes below its open; second closes above its open.
Second's open ≤ first's close and second's close ≥ first's open (its body covers the first's body).
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is negative (set 0 to skip).

The last 2 hits on this name

Thu 01 Oct 2026, 14:15 IST up A down candle (417.15→413.60) followed by an up candle (412.90→417.30) whose body covers it, after -3.55% over the 5 candles before.
Tue 29 Sep 2026, 10:15 IST up A down candle (420.10→418.95) followed by an up candle (418.40→422.55) whose body covers it, after -0.96% over the 5 candles before.

Quiet Moving-average cross · Indicator-based · reading down

1 hit in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Thu 01 Oct 2026, 14:15 IST

The most recent hit of Moving-average cross on the hourly candles completed at Thu 01 Oct 2026, 14:15 IST, 8 candles ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -2.53% to 406.75.

What the candles did

The 9-candle average (426.09) crossed below the 21-candle average (427.74).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The faster simple average crossed the slower one. Read as the near-term average price overtaking (or falling behind) the longer one.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 1 earlier hit on this name's hourly candles with 4 candles after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 4 candles later went the hit's way 1 of 1 times, median move -1.93%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · fast = 9, slow = 21

Compute SMA(fast) and SMA(slow) of the closes.
The pattern completes on a candle where fast was ≤ slow on the previous candle and is > slow now (up), or ≥ before and < now (down).
fast must be smaller than slow, else nothing is reported.

The last 1 hit on this name

Thu 01 Oct 2026, 14:15 IST down The 9-candle average (426.09) crossed below the 21-candle average (427.74).

Quiet Bearish engulfing · Multi-candle shapes · reading down

1 hit in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Tue 29 Sep 2026, 13:15 IST

The most recent hit of Bearish engulfing on the hourly candles completed at Tue 29 Sep 2026, 13:15 IST, 23 candles ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -5.89% to 406.75.

What the candles did

An up candle (433.10→434.10) followed by a down candle (434.65→432.20) whose body covers it, after +2.50% over the 5 candles before.

What this pattern is taken to mean

An up candle followed by a down candle whose body covers it, after a rise.

What followed on this name's own record

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · context = 5

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes above its open; second closes below its open.
Second's open ≥ first's close and second's close ≤ first's open.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is positive (set 0 to skip).

The last 1 hit on this name

Tue 29 Sep 2026, 13:15 IST down An up candle (433.10→434.10) followed by a down candle (434.65→432.20) whose body covers it, after +2.50% over the 5 candles before.

Quiet Hammer · Single-candle shapes · reading up

1 hit in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 28 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST

The most recent hit of Hammer on the hourly candles completed at Mon 28 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST, 28 candles ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -3.63% to 406.75.

What the candles did

Lower wick 1.15 is 2.6× the body, the upper wick is 9% of the range, after -1.52% over the 5 candles before; low 420.90, close 422.05.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long lower wick and a small body near the top, after a decline: the candle went well below and was pulled back up. Read as a low being rejected.

What followed on this name's own record

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_times = 2, other_wick_pct = 15, context = 5

Lower wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Upper wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is negative (set 0 to skip).
The wick's low is reported as the level rejected.

The last 1 hit on this name

Mon 28 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST up Lower wick 1.15 is 2.6× the body, the upper wick is 9% of the range, after -1.52% over the 5 candles before; low 420.90, close 422.05.

Quiet Shooting star · Single-candle shapes · reading down

1 hit in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Tue 29 Sep 2026, 12:15 IST

The most recent hit of Shooting star on the hourly candles completed at Tue 29 Sep 2026, 12:15 IST, 24 candles ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -6.30% to 406.75.

What the candles did

Upper wick 2.30 is 2.3× the body, the lower wick is 8% of the range, after +2.50% over the 5 candles before; high 436.40, close 434.10.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long upper wick and a small body near the bottom, after a rise: the candle went well above and was pushed back down. Read as a high being rejected.

What followed on this name's own record

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_times = 2, other_wick_pct = 15, context = 5

Upper wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Lower wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is positive (set 0 to skip).
The wick's high is reported as the level rejected.

The last 1 hit on this name

Tue 29 Sep 2026, 12:15 IST down Upper wick 2.30 is 2.3× the body, the lower wick is 8% of the range, after +2.50% over the 5 candles before; high 436.40, close 434.10.

Quiet Marubozu · Single-candle shapes · reading down

1 hit in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Thu 01 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST

The most recent hit of Marubozu on the hourly candles completed at Thu 01 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST, 11 candles ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -3.91% to 406.75.

What the candles did

Body 7.25 is 94% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (430.55→423.30).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Almost no wicks: the candle opened at one end of its range and closed at the other. Read as one side in control for the whole candle.

What followed on this name's own record

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · body_pct = 90

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≥ body_pct of the range.
Direction is the candle's colour.

The last 1 hit on this name

Thu 01 Oct 2026, 11:15 IST down Body 7.25 is 94% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (430.55→423.30).

Quiet N consecutive rising candles · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

0 hits in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the hourly candles on file

N consecutive rising candles did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

Where it stands on the latest candle

The last close was not rising; no run under way.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A momentum run: every close above the one before it for N candles. The owner's first example. Conventionally read as buyers in control for as long as it lasts.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 5

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is above the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: how long the current streak is against N, and whether the last close is still rising.

Quiet N consecutive falling candles · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

0 hits in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the hourly candles on file

N consecutive falling candles did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

Where it stands on the latest candle

2 falling closes in a row so far (-1.20%); the rule wants 5.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The mirror: every close below the one before it for N candles. Read as sellers in control while it lasts.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 5

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is below the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: the current streak against N.

Quiet Higher highs and higher lows · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

0 hits in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the hourly candles on file

Higher highs and higher lows did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Uptrend structure: each swing high above the last and each swing low above the last. Read as a trend that is still being confirmed by its pullbacks.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · swings = 2, swing_pct = 0.75

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag: a pivot is confirmed once price has moved swing_pct against it.
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high in the window above the previous swing high, and each swing low above the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot in the window was confirmed.
The last swing low is reported as the level the structure stands on.

Quiet Lower highs and lower lows · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

0 hits in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the hourly candles on file

Lower highs and lower lows did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Downtrend structure: each swing high below the last and each swing low below the last.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · swings = 2, swing_pct = 0.75

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag (pivot confirmed after a swing_pct move against it).
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high below the previous swing high, and each swing low below the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot was confirmed.
The last swing high is reported as the level the structure hangs from.

Quiet Break of the session high / low · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up or down

0 hits in 35 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the hourly candles on file

Break of the session high / low did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

A close above a session high that had stood for a while (or below a session low). Read as the day extending its range.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · settle = 6

Within each session, track the highest high and lowest low so far, and the candle that set each.
The pattern completes on a close above that high (up) or below that low (down), provided the level had stood for at least `settle` candles.
The `settle` wait is what separates a break from an ordinary continuation to a fresh high.
The level then moves to the new extreme and the search continues, so a session can give more than one hit.

Quiet Gap at the open · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up or down

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Not seen on the hourly candles on file

Gap at the open did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The session opened at least X% away from the previous close. Read as news or flow arriving overnight.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · pct = 1

At the first candle of each session, compare its open with the last close of the previous session.
Gap % = open / previous close − 1.
The pattern completes when |gap %| ≥ pct; direction is the gap's sign.
On daily candles this is simply open vs the previous day's close.

Quiet Cross of a level you set · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up or down

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Not seen on the hourly candles on file

Cross of a level you set did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The close went through a price you chose. Read however you meant the level.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · level = 0

Take the level you entered.
The pattern completes on a candle whose close is at or above the level while the previous close was below it (up), or at or below it while the previous close was above (down).
Nothing is reported until a level is set.

Quiet Volume spike · Indicator-based · reading up or down

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Not seen on the hourly candles on file

Volume spike did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

One candle traded many times the recent average volume. Read as attention arriving; the candle's colour says which way it leaned.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · times = 3, candles = 20

Average the volume of the previous M candles (those that reported one).
The pattern completes when this candle's volume ≥ times × that average.
Direction is the candle's own: up if it closed above its open, down if below, neutral if flat.

Quiet RSI into overbought / oversold · Indicator-based · reading up or down

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Not seen on the hourly candles on file

RSI into overbought / oversold did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Wilder's RSI crossed into the overbought zone (reported as a 'down' observation: stretched) or the oversold zone ('up': washed out).

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 14, high = 70, low = 30

Compute RSI(n) from the closes (Wilder smoothing).
The pattern completes when RSI moves from below `high` to at or above it (overbought → down), or from above `low` to at or below it (oversold → up).
Only the crossing candle is a hit, not every candle spent inside the zone.

Quiet Bollinger squeeze, then a break · Indicator-based · reading up or down

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Not seen on the hourly candles on file

Bollinger squeeze, then a break did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The bands had narrowed to their tightest in a while, then the close left them. Read as a quiet stretch ending.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 20, k = 2, squeeze = 60

Compute Bollinger bands: SMA(n) ± k × standard deviation of the last n closes; bandwidth = (upper − lower) / middle.
Squeeze: the smallest bandwidth in the last 6 candles is within 5% of the smallest over the last `squeeze` candles.
The pattern completes on a candle that closes above the upper band having been at or below it the candle before (up), or the mirror below the lower band (down), while squeezed.

Quiet Impulse wave (five swings, Elliott-style) · Trend and waves · reading up or down

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Not seen on the hourly candles on file

Impulse wave (five swings, Elliott-style) did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

Where it stands on the latest candle

One swing down under way from 414.00; nothing to count as an impulse yet.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Five alternating swings that obey the three classical impulse rules. A count, not a prophecy: the same swings can be counted more than one way, and this is the plain mechanical reading.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · swing_pct = 0.75

Find swings with the zigzag at swing_pct.
Take six consecutive confirmed pivots L-H-L-H-L-H (up) or H-L-H-L-H-L (down).
Rule 1: wave 2 does not retrace past the start of wave 1.
Rule 2: wave 3 is not the shortest of waves 1, 3 and 5.
Rule 3: wave 4 does not enter the price territory of wave 1.
Each wave must make progress: 3 beyond 1, 5 beyond 3.
The pattern completes when the sixth pivot is confirmed. Progress reports 'wave 5 under way' when the first five pivots hold and the live swing is the fifth wave.

Quiet Morning star · Multi-candle shapes · reading up

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Not seen on the hourly candles on file

Morning star did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long down candle, a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first. Read as a decline stalling and turning.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · small_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles.
First: a down candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first candle's body.

Quiet Evening star · Multi-candle shapes · reading down

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Not seen on the hourly candles on file

Evening star did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long up candle, a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · small_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles.
First: an up candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first candle's body.

Quiet Three white soldiers · Multi-candle shapes · reading up

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Not seen on the hourly candles on file

Three white soldiers did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Three up candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing higher, with little upper wick.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles, all closing above their opens.
Each close above the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each upper wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

Quiet Three black crows · Multi-candle shapes · reading down

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Not seen on the hourly candles on file

Three black crows did not complete anywhere in the 35 hourly candles stored for this name (from Mon 28 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 05 Oct 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing lower, with little lower wick.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's hourly candles has a full 4 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles, all closing below their opens.
Each close below the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each lower wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

The library, rule by rule

What each pattern checks, in the order the code checks it, with the parameters and their defaults for hourly candles. The "meaning" is the convention the pattern is named for, stated as a convention; whether it held on a given name is what the test above measures.

Runs, breaks and structure

Rules on closes, highs and lows alone. Plain to state, plain to check.

N consecutive rising candles · reading up · any candleA momentum run: every close above the one before it for N candles. The owner's first example. Conventionally read as buyers in control for as long as it lasts.

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is above the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: how long the current streak is against N, and whether the last close is still rising.

n = 5: Consecutive rising closes (N) — The owner's momentum-run example uses 20.

Test this pattern on MAHLOG

N consecutive falling candles · reading down · any candleThe mirror: every close below the one before it for N candles. Read as sellers in control while it lasts.

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is below the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: the current streak against N.

n = 5: Consecutive falling closes (N)

Test this pattern on MAHLOG

Higher highs and higher lows · reading up · any candleUptrend structure: each swing high above the last and each swing low above the last. Read as a trend that is still being confirmed by its pullbacks.

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag: a pivot is confirmed once price has moved swing_pct against it.
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high in the window above the previous swing high, and each swing low above the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot in the window was confirmed.
The last swing low is reported as the level the structure stands on.

swings = 2: Higher highs / higher lows required
swing_pct = 0.75: Minimum swing size, % — Smaller on intraday candles.

Test this pattern on MAHLOG

Lower highs and lower lows · reading down · any candleDowntrend structure: each swing high below the last and each swing low below the last.

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag (pivot confirmed after a swing_pct move against it).
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high below the previous swing high, and each swing low below the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot was confirmed.
The last swing high is reported as the level the structure hangs from.

swings = 2: Lower highs / lower lows required
swing_pct = 0.75: Minimum swing size, %

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Opening range breakout · reading up or down · intraday candles onlyThe first minutes of the session set a range; the first close outside it is the breakout. Read as the day picking a direction.

For each session, take the candles inside the first `minutes` minutes from 09:15.
Opening range = highest high and lowest low of those candles.
From the first candle after the range, the pattern completes on the first close above the range high (up) or below the range low (down).
One hit per session, whichever side breaks first.

minutes = 15: Opening range length, minutes

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Break of the session high / low · reading up or down · intraday candles onlyA close above a session high that had stood for a while (or below a session low). Read as the day extending its range.

Within each session, track the highest high and lowest low so far, and the candle that set each.
The pattern completes on a close above that high (up) or below that low (down), provided the level had stood for at least `settle` candles.
The `settle` wait is what separates a break from an ordinary continuation to a fresh high.
The level then moves to the new extreme and the search continues, so a session can give more than one hit.

settle = 6: Candles the level must have stood for

Test this pattern on MAHLOG

Break of the previous session's high / low · reading up or down · intraday candles onlyThe first close of a session above yesterday's high (or below yesterday's low). Read as the day leaving yesterday's range.

For each session after the first on file, take the previous session's highest high and lowest low.
The pattern completes on the first close above the previous high (up), and separately on the first close below the previous low (down).
At most one hit per side per session.

Test this pattern on MAHLOG

Gap at the open · reading up or down · any candleThe session opened at least X% away from the previous close. Read as news or flow arriving overnight.

At the first candle of each session, compare its open with the last close of the previous session.
Gap % = open / previous close − 1.
The pattern completes when |gap %| ≥ pct; direction is the gap's sign.
On daily candles this is simply open vs the previous day's close.

pct = 1: Minimum gap, %

Test this pattern on MAHLOG

Move of X% within M candles · reading up or down · any candleA fast move: the close is at least X% away from where it was M candles ago. Read as a burst of one-sided flow.

For each candle, take the close M candles earlier.
Move % = close now / close then − 1.
The pattern completes when |move %| ≥ pct; direction is the sign.
Consecutive candles that all qualify in the same direction count once, at the first of them.

pct = 1: Minimum move, %
candles = 3: Within this many candles (M)

Test this pattern on MAHLOG

Cross of a level you set · reading up or down · any candleThe close went through a price you chose. Read however you meant the level.

Take the level you entered.
The pattern completes on a candle whose close is at or above the level while the previous close was below it (up), or at or below it while the previous close was above (down).
Nothing is reported until a level is set.

level = 0: Your level, ₹ — Required — leave at 0 and this pattern reports nothing.

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Inside bar, then a breakout · reading up or down · any candleA candle whose whole range sat inside the one before it (a pause), then a close outside the mother candle's range. Read as a pause resolving.

Take three consecutive candles: mother, inside, break.
Inside: its high ≤ mother high and its low ≥ mother low.
The pattern completes when the third candle closes above the mother high (up) or below the mother low (down).

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Indicator-based

Rules on a derived line: moving averages, VWAP, volume, RSI, Bollinger bands.

Moving-average cross · reading up or down · any candleThe faster simple average crossed the slower one. Read as the near-term average price overtaking (or falling behind) the longer one.

Compute SMA(fast) and SMA(slow) of the closes.
The pattern completes on a candle where fast was ≤ slow on the previous candle and is > slow now (up), or ≥ before and < now (down).
fast must be smaller than slow, else nothing is reported.

fast = 9: Fast average, candles
slow = 21: Slow average, candles

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VWAP cross · reading up or down · intraday candles onlyThe close crossed the session's volume-weighted average price. Read as price moving to the other side of where the day's volume has traded.

Compute the session VWAP: cumulative Σ(typical price × volume) / Σ volume, typical price = (high + low + close) / 3, reset at each session's first candle.
The pattern completes on a candle whose close is above VWAP while the previous close was at or below it (up), or the reverse (down).
Candles without volume from the feed are skipped.

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Volume spike · reading up or down · any candleOne candle traded many times the recent average volume. Read as attention arriving; the candle's colour says which way it leaned.

Average the volume of the previous M candles (those that reported one).
The pattern completes when this candle's volume ≥ times × that average.
Direction is the candle's own: up if it closed above its open, down if below, neutral if flat.

times = 3: Multiple of the average
candles = 20: Average over this many candles (M)

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RSI into overbought / oversold · reading up or down · any candleWilder's RSI crossed into the overbought zone (reported as a 'down' observation: stretched) or the oversold zone ('up': washed out).

Compute RSI(n) from the closes (Wilder smoothing).
The pattern completes when RSI moves from below `high` to at or above it (overbought → down), or from above `low` to at or below it (oversold → up).
Only the crossing candle is a hit, not every candle spent inside the zone.

n = 14: RSI length
high = 70: Overbought above
low = 30: Oversold below

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Bollinger squeeze, then a break · reading up or down · any candleThe bands had narrowed to their tightest in a while, then the close left them. Read as a quiet stretch ending.

Compute Bollinger bands: SMA(n) ± k × standard deviation of the last n closes; bandwidth = (upper − lower) / middle.
Squeeze: the smallest bandwidth in the last 6 candles is within 5% of the smallest over the last `squeeze` candles.
The pattern completes on a candle that closes above the upper band having been at or below it the candle before (up), or the mirror below the lower band (down), while squeezed.

n = 20: Band length
k = 2: Standard deviations
squeeze = 60: Tightest in this many candles

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Trend and waves

The fitted trend line and the swing count. A wave count is a reading of the swings, not a prophecy.

Trend line: slope, length, strength · reading up or down · any candleThe straight-line fit through the last N closes: how steep, how long, how clean. This is the slope/length/strength reading (R6) and a version of the 20-candle rule that fires on a clean run even when one close in the middle dipped.

Fit a least-squares line through the last N closes (x = candle index).
Slope % = slope / mean close × 100, per candle. R² = share of the variance the line explains (1 = a ruler, 0 = chop).
Length = candles since the window's low (for a rising line) or high (falling). Magnitude = % from that extreme to the last close.
Continuing = the last close is on the slope's side of the fitted line, or the last three closes all moved with the slope.
The pattern completes when |slope %| ≥ min_slope_pct and R² ≥ min_r2; consecutive qualifying candles count once, at the first.
Progress always reports the current slope, R², length, magnitude and whether it is continuing.

n = 20: Candles in the fit (N)
min_slope_pct = 0.08: Minimum slope, % per candle
min_r2 = 0.8: Minimum R²

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Impulse wave (five swings, Elliott-style) · reading up or down · any candleFive alternating swings that obey the three classical impulse rules. A count, not a prophecy: the same swings can be counted more than one way, and this is the plain mechanical reading.

Find swings with the zigzag at swing_pct.
Take six consecutive confirmed pivots L-H-L-H-L-H (up) or H-L-H-L-H-L (down).
Rule 1: wave 2 does not retrace past the start of wave 1.
Rule 2: wave 3 is not the shortest of waves 1, 3 and 5.
Rule 3: wave 4 does not enter the price territory of wave 1.
Each wave must make progress: 3 beyond 1, 5 beyond 3.
The pattern completes when the sixth pivot is confirmed. Progress reports 'wave 5 under way' when the first five pivots hold and the live swing is the fifth wave.

swing_pct = 0.75: Minimum swing size, %

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Multi-candle shapes

Two- and three-candle shapes from the classical catalogue.

Bullish engulfing · reading up · any candleA down candle followed by an up candle whose body covers it, after a decline. Read as the decline being rejected in one candle.

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes below its open; second closes above its open.
Second's open ≤ first's close and second's close ≥ first's open (its body covers the first's body).
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is negative (set 0 to skip).

context = 5: Decline measured over this many candles before

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Bearish engulfing · reading down · any candleAn up candle followed by a down candle whose body covers it, after a rise.

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes above its open; second closes below its open.
Second's open ≥ first's close and second's close ≤ first's open.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is positive (set 0 to skip).

context = 5: Rise measured over this many candles before

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Morning star · reading up · any candleA long down candle, a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first. Read as a decline stalling and turning.

Take three consecutive candles.
First: a down candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first candle's body.

small_pct = 30: Middle candle body, % of the first's

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Evening star · reading down · any candleA long up candle, a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first.

Take three consecutive candles.
First: an up candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first candle's body.

small_pct = 30: Middle candle body, % of the first's

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Three white soldiers · reading up · any candleThree up candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing higher, with little upper wick.

Take three consecutive candles, all closing above their opens.
Each close above the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each upper wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

wick_pct = 30: Maximum upper wick, % of body

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Three black crows · reading down · any candleThree down candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing lower, with little lower wick.

Take three consecutive candles, all closing below their opens.
Each close below the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each lower wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

wick_pct = 30: Maximum lower wick, % of body

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Single-candle shapes

One candle's body and wicks. Weak on their own; shown with what followed on this name.

Doji · reading neutral · any candleOpen and close almost equal: the candle ranged but ended where it began. Read as indecision.

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≤ body_pct of the range.

body_pct = 10: Body no more than this % of the range

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Hammer · reading up · any candleA long lower wick and a small body near the top, after a decline: the candle went well below and was pulled back up. Read as a low being rejected.

Lower wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Upper wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is negative (set 0 to skip).
The wick's low is reported as the level rejected.

wick_times = 2: Lower wick at least this many × body
other_wick_pct = 15: Upper wick at most this % of range
context = 5: Decline measured over this many candles before

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Shooting star · reading down · any candleA long upper wick and a small body near the bottom, after a rise: the candle went well above and was pushed back down. Read as a high being rejected.

Upper wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Lower wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is positive (set 0 to skip).
The wick's high is reported as the level rejected.

wick_times = 2: Upper wick at least this many × body
other_wick_pct = 15: Lower wick at most this % of range
context = 5: Rise measured over this many candles before

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Marubozu · reading up or down · any candleAlmost no wicks: the candle opened at one end of its range and closed at the other. Read as one side in control for the whole candle.

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≥ body_pct of the range.
Direction is the candle's colour.

body_pct = 90: Body at least this % of the range

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Indicator definitions: SMA(n) is the mean of the last n closes. RSI(n) is Wilder's — average gain over average loss, smoothed by (previous × (n−1) + now) / n. ATR(n) is the Wilder-smoothed mean of the true range. Bollinger bands are SMA(n) ± k standard deviations of the same n closes. VWAP is Σ(typical price × volume) / Σ volume within the session, typical price = (high + low + close) / 3. The trend line is ordinary least squares on close against candle index. Swings come from a zigzag that confirms a pivot once price has moved the swing size against it.