Patterns

Every pattern here is a rule over stored candles, written out step by step below. Pick a name and a candle size, then one pattern to test — or let the library look for anything in progress. A hit is an observation of what the candles just did; what followed the earlier hits on the same name is counted and shown beside it, every hit included. For what the candles in progress say about the coming hours and days, open the outlook; to be told when a pattern completes, sign in and tap Alert me on any card.

Test a name

Company or symbol Candle Pattern or wave Judge after candles

Defaults shown are for daily candles; change the candle size and re-test to see that size's defaults. Intraday candles exist only for names on a reader's watchlist, from the day they were added; daily candles go back to 2021.

SICAL · SICAL · daily candles

520 candles on file from 8 Sep 2020 as of the close of 28 Dec 2022 last close ₹7.70 judged 10 candles after each hit the outlook for the coming hours and days →

In progress now Gap at the open · up · Wed 28 Dec 2022 In progress now Move of X% within M candles · up · Wed 28 Dec 2022 Just hit Doji · neutral · Mon 26 Dec 2022 Just hit Volume spike · down · Mon 26 Dec 2022 Just hit N consecutive falling candles · down · Mon 26 Dec 2022 Just hit Bullish engulfing · up · Tue 27 Dec 2022

The candles, with the hits marked

last 160 of 520 · shaded = the formation · triangle = the candle it completed on · dashed = a level the latest hit named

In progress now Gap at the open · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

352 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit on the latest daily candle — Wed 28 Dec 2022

Gap at the open completed on the candle that closed at Wed 28 Dec 2022, an up reading. That is the newest candle on file, so this is in progress now.

What the candles did

Opened at 7.70, +4.76% above the previous close of 7.35.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The session opened at least X% away from the previous close. Read as news or flow arriving overnight.

What followed on this name's own record

After 343 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 145 times of 343 (42%). Median move in the hit's direction -2.44%; best +109.38%, worst -93.78%. Within the window the move typically reached +7.84% in the hit's favour and -8.76% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · pct = 1

At the first candle of each session, compare its open with the last close of the previous session.
Gap % = open / previous close − 1.
The pattern completes when |gap %| ≥ pct; direction is the gap's sign.
On daily candles this is simply open vs the previous day's close.

The last 12 hits on this name

Wed 28 Dec 2022 up Opened at 7.70, +4.76% above the previous close of 7.35.
Mon 26 Dec 2022 down Opened at 7.05, -4.08% below the previous close of 7.35.
Fri 23 Dec 2022 down Opened at 7.50, -2.60% below the previous close of 7.70.
Thu 22 Dec 2022 down Opened at 7.70, -4.94% below the previous close of 8.10.
Wed 21 Dec 2022 down Opened at 8.10, -4.71% below the previous close of 8.50.
Tue 20 Dec 2022 up Opened at 9.30, +4.49% above the previous close of 8.90.
Mon 19 Dec 2022 up Opened at 8.90, +9.88% above the previous close of 8.10.
Fri 16 Dec 2022 up Opened at 8.10, +9.46% above the previous close of 7.40.
Thu 15 Dec 2022 up Opened at 7.40, +9.63% above the previous close of 6.75.
Mon 12 Dec 2022 down Opened at 6.75, -4.93% below the previous close of 7.10.
Mon 05 Dec 2022 down Opened at 7.10, -4.70% below the previous close of 7.45.
Mon 28 Nov 2022 down Opened at 7.45, -4.49% below the previous close of 7.80.

In progress now Move of X% within M candles · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

115 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit on the latest daily candle — Wed 28 Dec 2022

Move of X% within M candles completed on the candle that closed at Wed 28 Dec 2022, an up reading. That is the newest candle on file, so this is in progress now.

What the candles did

+4.76% in the last 3 candles, 7.35 to 7.70.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A fast move: the close is at least X% away from where it was M candles ago. Read as a burst of one-sided flow.

What followed on this name's own record

After 112 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 59 times of 112 (53%). Median move in the hit's direction +1.35%; best +67.66%, worst -26.49%. Within the window the move typically reached +9.16% in the hit's favour and -7.50% against it. On this name that is a coin toss.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · pct = 2, candles = 3

For each candle, take the close M candles earlier.
Move % = close now / close then − 1.
The pattern completes when |move %| ≥ pct; direction is the sign.
Consecutive candles that all qualify in the same direction count once, at the first of them.

The last 12 hits on this name

Wed 28 Dec 2022 up +4.76% in the last 3 candles, 7.35 to 7.70.
Thu 22 Dec 2022 down -13.48% in the last 3 candles, 8.90 to 7.70.
Fri 16 Dec 2022 up +14.08% in the last 3 candles, 7.10 to 8.10.
Mon 21 Nov 2022 down -4.88% in the last 3 candles, 8.20 to 7.80.
Thu 03 Nov 2022 up +6.72% in the last 3 candles, 6.70 to 7.15.
Mon 12 Sep 2022 down -5.03% in the last 3 candles, 9.95 to 9.45.
Tue 23 Aug 2022 up +2.48% in the last 3 candles, 8.05 to 8.25.
Mon 22 Aug 2022 down -3.66% in the last 3 candles, 8.20 to 7.90.
Tue 16 Aug 2022 up +2.52% in the last 3 candles, 7.95 to 8.15.
Thu 28 Jul 2022 down -3.09% in the last 3 candles, 8.10 to 7.85.
Tue 26 Jul 2022 up +2.50% in the last 3 candles, 8.00 to 8.20.
Fri 22 Jul 2022 down -2.99% in the last 3 candles, 8.35 to 8.10.

Just hit Doji · Single-candle shapes · reading neutral

46 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit 2 sessions ago — Mon 26 Dec 2022

Doji completed on the daily candle of Mon 26 Dec 2022, a neutral reading, 2 sessions before the latest one (which closed at Wed 28 Dec 2022 at 7.70). Since the hit the close has moved +10.00%.

What the candles did

Body 0.05 is 8% of the 0.65 range: open 7.05, close 7.00, high 7.65, low 7.00.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Open and close almost equal: the candle ranged but ended where it began. Read as indecision.

What followed on this name's own record

After 45 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later was higher 22 times of 45 (49%). Median move -0.96%; best +66.32%, worst -19.20%. On this name that is a coin toss.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · body_pct = 10

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≤ body_pct of the range.

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 26 Dec 2022 neutral Body 0.05 is 8% of the 0.65 range: open 7.05, close 7.00, high 7.65, low 7.00.
Thu 10 Nov 2022 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.05 range: open 8.60, close 8.60, high 8.60, low 8.55.
Mon 07 Nov 2022 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.60 range: open 7.85, close 7.85, high 7.85, low 7.25.
Wed 17 Aug 2022 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.55 range: open 8.20, close 8.20, high 8.35, low 7.80.
Wed 29 Jun 2022 neutral Body 0.05 is 10% of the 0.50 range: open 8.00, close 7.95, high 8.40, low 7.90.
Thu 19 May 2022 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.85 range: open 10.60, close 10.60, high 11.05, low 10.20.
Mon 25 Apr 2022 neutral Body 0.05 is 9% of the 0.55 range: open 13.00, close 13.05, high 13.30, low 12.75.
Wed 13 Apr 2022 neutral Body 0.05 is 8% of the 0.65 range: open 13.65, close 13.60, high 13.85, low 13.20.
Mon 04 Apr 2022 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.50 range: open 12.85, close 12.85, high 12.85, low 12.35.
Mon 28 Mar 2022 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.20 range: open 12.90, close 12.90, high 13.10, low 12.90.
Thu 24 Feb 2022 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 1.25 range: open 12.65, close 12.65, high 13.90, low 12.65.
Thu 10 Feb 2022 neutral Body 0.05 is 7% of the 0.70 range: open 15.35, close 15.30, high 15.80, low 15.10.

Just hit Volume spike · Indicator-based · reading down

35 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit 2 sessions ago — Mon 26 Dec 2022

Volume spike completed on the daily candle of Mon 26 Dec 2022, a down reading, 2 sessions before the latest one (which closed at Wed 28 Dec 2022 at 7.70). Since the hit the close has moved +10.00%.

What the candles did

Volume 7.5× the average of the previous 20 candles (1,106,211 vs 146,953), on a down candle.

What this pattern is taken to mean

One candle traded many times the recent average volume. Read as attention arriving; the candle's colour says which way it leaned.

What followed on this name's own record

After 33 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 13 times of 33 (39%). Median move in the hit's direction -2.40%; best +67.66%, worst -35.27%. Within the window the move typically reached +12.71% in the hit's favour and -8.90% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · times = 3, candles = 20

Average the volume of the previous M candles (those that reported one).
The pattern completes when this candle's volume ≥ times × that average.
Direction is the candle's own: up if it closed above its open, down if below, neutral if flat.

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 26 Dec 2022 down Volume 7.5× the average of the previous 20 candles (1,106,211 vs 146,953), on a down candle.
Tue 20 Dec 2022 down Volume 8.4× the average of the previous 20 candles (743,788 vs 88,204), on a down candle.
Tue 01 Nov 2022 down Volume 8.4× the average of the previous 20 candles (503,839 vs 59,877), on a down candle.
Mon 19 Sep 2022 neutral Volume 3.9× the average of the previous 20 candles (248,924 vs 64,143), on a flat candle.
Wed 30 Mar 2022 up Volume 4.3× the average of the previous 20 candles (644,807 vs 151,279), on an up candle.
Tue 29 Mar 2022 down Volume 4.6× the average of the previous 20 candles (602,385 vs 130,658), on a down candle.
Wed 23 Mar 2022 down Volume 5.6× the average of the previous 20 candles (540,176 vs 96,720), on a down candle.
Fri 21 Jan 2022 up Volume 9.3× the average of the previous 20 candles (7,923,500 vs 850,723), on an up candle.
Wed 19 Jan 2022 up Volume 3.5× the average of the previous 20 candles (2,572,951 vs 735,537), on an up candle.
Tue 18 Jan 2022 down Volume 3.8× the average of the previous 20 candles (2,414,885 vs 632,537), on a down candle.
Fri 14 Jan 2022 up Volume 3.7× the average of the previous 20 candles (1,892,131 vs 508,188), on an up candle.
Wed 12 Jan 2022 down Volume 8.9× the average of the previous 20 candles (2,916,191 vs 329,456), on a down candle.

Just hit N consecutive falling candles · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

15 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit 2 sessions ago — Mon 26 Dec 2022

N consecutive falling candles completed on the daily candle of Mon 26 Dec 2022, a down reading, 2 sessions before the latest one (which closed at Wed 28 Dec 2022 at 7.70). Since the hit the close has moved +10.00%.

What the candles did

5 consecutive falling closes, from 8.90 to 7.00 (-21.35%).

Where it stands on the latest candle

The last close was not falling; no run under way.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The mirror: every close below the one before it for N candles. Read as sellers in control while it lasts.

What followed on this name's own record

After 14 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 5 times of 14 (36%). Median move in the hit's direction -1.60%; best +15.12%, worst -31.66%. Within the window the move typically reached +9.13% in the hit's favour and -10.33% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 5

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is below the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: the current streak against N.

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 26 Dec 2022 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 8.90 to 7.00 (-21.35%).
Mon 12 Dec 2022 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 8.60 to 6.75 (-21.51%).
Mon 03 Oct 2022 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 10.40 to 8.15 (-21.63%).
Fri 27 May 2022 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 10.80 to 8.95 (-17.13%).
Thu 28 Apr 2022 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 13.25 to 12.05 (-9.06%).
Wed 23 Feb 2022 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 14.80 to 13.30 (-10.14%).
Fri 11 Feb 2022 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 17.20 to 15.05 (-12.50%).
Mon 31 Jan 2022 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 19.10 to 16.00 (-16.23%).
Wed 17 Nov 2021 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 16.00 to 13.85 (-13.44%).
Thu 05 Aug 2021 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 14.05 to 12.90 (-8.19%).
Thu 15 Jul 2021 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 14.90 to 13.60 (-8.72%).
Fri 18 Jun 2021 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 16.95 to 14.50 (-14.45%).

Just hit Bullish engulfing · Multi-candle shapes · reading up

10 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit 1 session ago — Tue 27 Dec 2022

Bullish engulfing completed on the daily candle of Tue 27 Dec 2022, an up reading, 1 session before the latest one (which closed at Wed 28 Dec 2022 at 7.70). Since the hit the close has moved +4.76%.

What the candles did

A down candle (7.05→7.00) followed by an up candle (7.00→7.35) whose body covers it, after -17.42% over the 5 candles before.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A down candle followed by an up candle whose body covers it, after a decline. Read as the decline being rejected in one candle.

What followed on this name's own record

After 9 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 4 times of 9 (44%). Median move in the hit's direction -0.61%; best +7.76%, worst -6.12%. Within the window the move typically reached +9.43% in the hit's favour and -3.77% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · context = 5

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes below its open; second closes above its open.
Second's open ≤ first's close and second's close ≥ first's open (its body covers the first's body).
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is negative (set 0 to skip).

The last 10 hits on this name

Tue 27 Dec 2022 up A down candle (7.05→7.00) followed by an up candle (7.00→7.35) whose body covers it, after -17.42% over the 5 candles before.
Wed 02 Nov 2022 up A down candle (6.75→6.55) followed by an up candle (6.40→6.85) whose body covers it, after -17.79% over the 5 candles before.
Wed 13 Jul 2022 up A down candle (8.00→7.90) followed by an up candle (7.90→8.05) whose body covers it, after -0.62% over the 5 candles before.
Mon 11 Jul 2022 up A down candle (7.90→7.85) followed by an up candle (7.85→7.95) whose body covers it, after -1.27% over the 5 candles before.
Thu 30 Jun 2022 up A down candle (8.00→7.95) followed by an up candle (7.95→8.15) whose body covers it, after -0.62% over the 5 candles before.
Fri 01 Apr 2022 up A down candle (12.10→11.70) followed by an up candle (11.70→12.25) whose body covers it, after -13.68% over the 5 candles before.
Tue 23 Nov 2021 up A down candle (13.60→13.35) followed by an up candle (13.35→14.00) whose body covers it, after -11.97% over the 5 candles before.
Mon 21 Jun 2021 up A down candle (14.85→14.50) followed by an up candle (13.85→15.20) whose body covers it, after -11.80% over the 5 candles before.
Tue 20 Apr 2021 up A down candle (12.05→11.70) followed by an up candle (11.70→12.25) whose body covers it, after -12.00% over the 5 candles before.
Fri 25 Sep 2020 up A down candle (10.25→9.85) followed by an up candle (9.85→10.30) whose body covers it, after -8.04% over the 5 candles before.

Quiet Marubozu · Single-candle shapes · reading down

46 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Tue 20 Dec 2022

The most recent hit of Marubozu on the daily candles completed at Tue 20 Dec 2022, 6 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -9.41% to 7.70.

What the candles did

Body 0.80 is 100% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (9.30→8.50).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Almost no wicks: the candle opened at one end of its range and closed at the other. Read as one side in control for the whole candle.

What followed on this name's own record

After 45 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 30 times of 45 (67%). Median move in the hit's direction +4.90%; best +40.53%, worst -31.66%. Within the window the move typically reached +13.57% in the hit's favour and -7.60% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · body_pct = 90

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≥ body_pct of the range.
Direction is the candle's colour.

The last 12 hits on this name

Tue 20 Dec 2022 down Body 0.80 is 100% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (9.30→8.50).
Mon 14 Nov 2022 down Body 0.10 is 100% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (8.30→8.20).
Fri 04 Nov 2022 up Body 0.10 is 100% of the range: opened near the low and closed near the high (7.40→7.50).
Wed 02 Nov 2022 up Body 0.45 is 100% of the range: opened near the low and closed near the high (6.40→6.85).
Thu 25 Aug 2022 up Body 0.05 is 100% of the range: opened near the low and closed near the high (9.00→9.05).
Wed 22 Jun 2022 down Body 0.70 is 93% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (8.80→8.10).
Tue 21 Jun 2022 up Body 0.55 is 92% of the range: opened near the low and closed near the high (7.90→8.45).
Thu 26 May 2022 down Body 0.75 is 94% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (9.85→9.10).
Mon 16 May 2022 down Body 0.95 is 90% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (11.45→10.50).
Thu 24 Mar 2022 down Body 0.30 is 100% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (14.55→14.25).
Mon 14 Mar 2022 down Body 0.50 is 91% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (13.95→13.45).
Fri 18 Feb 2022 down Body 0.60 is 92% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (14.55→13.95).

Quiet Lower highs and lower lows · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

44 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Tue 02 Aug 2022

The most recent hit of Lower highs and lower lows on the daily candles completed at Tue 02 Aug 2022, 48 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -3.14% to 7.70.

What the candles did

2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.85, 7.60; highs 8.70, 8.30, 8.15.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Downtrend structure: each swing high below the last and each swing low below the last.

What followed on this name's own record

After 44 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 26 times of 44 (59%). Median move in the hit's direction +3.53%; best +19.20%, worst -44.79%. Within the window the move typically reached +7.91% in the hit's favour and -5.95% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · swings = 2, swing_pct = 3

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag (pivot confirmed after a swing_pct move against it).
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high below the previous swing high, and each swing low below the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot was confirmed.
The last swing high is reported as the level the structure hangs from.

The last 12 hits on this name

Tue 02 Aug 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.85, 7.60; highs 8.70, 8.30, 8.15.
Tue 12 Jul 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.65, 7.60; highs 8.25, 8.20, 8.00.
Fri 08 Jul 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.90, 7.65, 7.60; highs 8.25, 8.20.
Thu 07 Jul 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.90, 7.65; highs 8.75, 8.25, 8.20.
Thu 23 Jun 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 8.65, 7.90; highs 9.90, 9.25, 8.80.
Wed 22 Jun 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 9.20, 8.65, 7.90; highs 9.90, 9.25.
Wed 15 Jun 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 9.20, 8.65; highs 10.25, 9.90, 9.25.
Mon 06 Jun 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 10.30, 8.65; highs 11.45, 11.15, 10.25.
Tue 17 May 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 11.00, 9.80; highs 12.30, 11.80, 11.45.
Fri 13 May 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 11.25, 11.00, 9.80; highs 12.30, 11.80.
Tue 10 May 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 11.25, 11.00; highs 13.65, 12.30, 11.80.
Mon 09 May 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 13.00, 11.25, 11.00; highs 13.65, 12.30.

Quiet Higher highs and higher lows · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

29 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Tue 23 Aug 2022

The most recent hit of Higher highs and higher lows on the daily candles completed at Tue 23 Aug 2022, 36 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -6.67% to 7.70.

What the candles did

2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.75, 7.95; highs 8.25, 8.35, 8.40.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Uptrend structure: each swing high above the last and each swing low above the last. Read as a trend that is still being confirmed by its pullbacks.

What followed on this name's own record

After 29 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 11 times of 29 (38%). Median move in the hit's direction -1.39%; best +30.54%, worst -13.93%. Within the window the move typically reached +7.55% in the hit's favour and -6.27% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · swings = 2, swing_pct = 3

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag: a pivot is confirmed once price has moved swing_pct against it.
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high in the window above the previous swing high, and each swing low above the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot in the window was confirmed.
The last swing low is reported as the level the structure stands on.

The last 12 hits on this name

Tue 23 Aug 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.75, 7.95; highs 8.25, 8.35, 8.40.
Fri 19 Aug 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.65, 7.75, 7.95; highs 8.25, 8.35.
Thu 18 Aug 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.65, 7.75; highs 8.05, 8.25, 8.35.
Tue 16 Aug 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.60, 7.65, 7.75; highs 8.05, 8.25.
Fri 22 Jul 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.65, 7.75, 7.85; highs 8.35, 8.70.
Thu 21 Jul 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.65, 7.75; highs 8.00, 8.35, 8.70.
Mon 18 Jul 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.60, 7.65, 7.75; highs 8.00, 8.35.
Thu 13 Jan 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 13.85, 15.00; highs 14.85, 15.85, 17.40.
Fri 17 Dec 2021 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 12.90, 13.65; highs 14.35, 14.55, 14.95.
Fri 22 Oct 2021 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 12.00, 13.05, 16.75; highs 14.40, 23.75.
Wed 20 Oct 2021 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 12.00, 13.05; highs 12.45, 14.40, 23.75.
Wed 13 Oct 2021 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 11.95, 12.00, 13.05; highs 12.45, 14.40.

Quiet Moving-average cross · Indicator-based · reading up

29 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Thu 15 Dec 2022

The most recent hit of Moving-average cross on the daily candles completed at Thu 15 Dec 2022, 9 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved +4.05% to 7.70.

What the candles did

The 9-candle average (7.71) crossed above the 21-candle average (7.69).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The faster simple average crossed the slower one. Read as the near-term average price overtaking (or falling behind) the longer one.

What followed on this name's own record

After 28 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 15 times of 28 (54%). Median move in the hit's direction +1.23%; best +34.02%, worst -39.59%. Within the window the move typically reached +7.01% in the hit's favour and -5.85% against it. On this name that is a coin toss.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · fast = 9, slow = 21

Compute SMA(fast) and SMA(slow) of the closes.
The pattern completes on a candle where fast was ≤ slow on the previous candle and is > slow now (up), or ≥ before and < now (down).
fast must be smaller than slow, else nothing is reported.

The last 12 hits on this name

Thu 15 Dec 2022 up The 9-candle average (7.71) crossed above the 21-candle average (7.69).
Mon 31 Oct 2022 down The 9-candle average (8.22) crossed below the 21-candle average (8.49).
Fri 19 Aug 2022 up The 9-candle average (8.03) crossed above the 21-candle average (8.03).
Tue 02 Aug 2022 down The 9-candle average (8.01) crossed below the 21-candle average (8.01).
Wed 20 Jul 2022 up The 9-candle average (8.04) crossed above the 21-candle average (8.03).
Fri 29 Apr 2022 down The 9-candle average (12.79) crossed below the 21-candle average (12.96).
Wed 13 Apr 2022 up The 9-candle average (13.28) crossed above the 21-candle average (13.28).
Fri 01 Apr 2022 down The 9-candle average (13.18) crossed below the 21-candle average (13.27).
Tue 22 Mar 2022 up The 9-candle average (13.53) crossed above the 21-candle average (13.46).
Mon 07 Feb 2022 down The 9-candle average (16.68) crossed below the 21-candle average (16.78).
Thu 16 Dec 2021 up The 9-candle average (13.74) crossed above the 21-candle average (13.73).
Mon 08 Nov 2021 down The 9-candle average (15.92) crossed below the 21-candle average (16.08).

Quiet Inside bar, then a breakout · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

26 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Thu 03 Nov 2022

The most recent hit of Inside bar, then a breakout on the daily candles completed at Thu 03 Nov 2022, 19 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved +7.69% to 7.70.

What the candles did

An inside candle (6.40–6.85) within the one before it (6.40–7.00), then a close at 7.15 above that range.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A candle whose whole range sat inside the one before it (a pause), then a close outside the mother candle's range. Read as a pause resolving.

What followed on this name's own record

After 26 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 14 times of 26 (54%). Median move in the hit's direction +0.99%; best +67.66%, worst -24.85%. Within the window the move typically reached +10.62% in the hit's favour and -6.92% against it. On this name that is a coin toss.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked

Take three consecutive candles: mother, inside, break.
Inside: its high ≤ mother high and its low ≥ mother low.
The pattern completes when the third candle closes above the mother high (up) or below the mother low (down).

The last 12 hits on this name

Thu 03 Nov 2022 up An inside candle (6.40–6.85) within the one before it (6.40–7.00), then a close at 7.15 above that range.
Tue 19 Jul 2022 up An inside candle (7.80–8.20) within the one before it (7.75–8.25), then a close at 8.35 above that range.
Tue 31 May 2022 up An inside candle (8.90–9.35) within the one before it (8.65–9.35), then a close at 9.65 above that range.
Tue 08 Feb 2022 down An inside candle (16.35–17.50) within the one before it (16.25–17.50), then a close at 16.10 below that range.
Mon 29 Nov 2021 down An inside candle (14.15–14.85) within the one before it (13.80–15.00), then a close at 13.60 below that range.
Tue 16 Nov 2021 down An inside candle (15.10–15.95) within the one before it (15.00–15.95), then a close at 14.55 below that range.
Fri 12 Nov 2021 down An inside candle (15.50–16.35) within the one before it (15.50–16.70), then a close at 15.45 below that range.
Mon 25 Oct 2021 down An inside candle (17.05–17.95) within the one before it (16.75–18.40), then a close at 16.25 below that range.
Wed 13 Oct 2021 up An inside candle (13.05–14.25) within the one before it (12.20–14.40), then a close at 16.60 above that range.
Wed 22 Sep 2021 up An inside candle (12.10–13.50) within the one before it (11.55–13.50), then a close at 14.00 above that range.
Fri 20 Aug 2021 down An inside candle (11.15–11.95) within the one before it (11.00–12.00), then a close at 10.95 below that range.
Mon 16 Aug 2021 down An inside candle (11.60–12.65) within the one before it (11.50–12.65), then a close at 11.45 below that range.

Quiet Hammer · Single-candle shapes · reading up

20 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Wed 10 Aug 2022

The most recent hit of Hammer on the daily candles completed at Wed 10 Aug 2022, 44 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -3.14% to 7.70.

What the candles did

Lower wick 0.25 is 5.0× the body, the upper wick is 14% of the range, after -0.63% over the 5 candles before; low 7.65, close 7.95.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long lower wick and a small body near the top, after a decline: the candle went well below and was pulled back up. Read as a low being rejected.

What followed on this name's own record

After 20 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 9 times of 20 (45%). Median move in the hit's direction -4.93%; best +23.89%, worst -21.88%. Within the window the move typically reached +7.00% in the hit's favour and -10.79% against it. On this name that is a coin toss.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_times = 2, other_wick_pct = 15, context = 5

Lower wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Upper wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is negative (set 0 to skip).
The wick's low is reported as the level rejected.

The last 12 hits on this name

Wed 10 Aug 2022 up Lower wick 0.25 is 5.0× the body, the upper wick is 14% of the range, after -0.63% over the 5 candles before; low 7.65, close 7.95.
Thu 28 Jul 2022 up Lower wick 0.25 is 2.5× the body, the upper wick is 12% of the range, after -0.62% over the 5 candles before; low 7.60, close 7.85.
Tue 12 Jul 2022 up Lower wick 0.25 is 2.5× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -0.62% over the 5 candles before; low 7.65, close 7.90.
Fri 08 Jul 2022 up Lower wick 0.20 is 4.0× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -1.27% over the 5 candles before; low 7.65, close 7.85.
Tue 14 Jun 2022 up Lower wick 0.35 is 3.5× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -6.22% over the 5 candles before; low 8.80, close 9.15.
Mon 13 Jun 2022 up Lower wick 0.40 is 2.0× the body, the upper wick is 8% of the range, after -6.19% over the 5 candles before; low 8.65, close 9.05.
Thu 09 Jun 2022 up Lower wick 0.30 is 2.0× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -7.54% over the 5 candles before; low 8.75, close 9.05.
Tue 31 May 2022 up Lower wick 0.30 is 2.0× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -4.59% over the 5 candles before; low 9.35, close 9.65.
Fri 13 May 2022 up Lower wick 0.70 is 7.0× the body, the upper wick is 6% of the range, after -11.89% over the 5 candles before; low 10.15, close 10.85.
Fri 06 May 2022 up Lower wick 0.35 is 3.5× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -4.98% over the 5 candles before; low 11.00, close 11.35.
Wed 27 Apr 2022 up Lower wick 0.30 is 6.0× the body, the upper wick is 13% of the range, after -2.28% over the 5 candles before; low 12.50, close 12.80.
Fri 11 Feb 2022 up Lower wick 0.50 is 5.0× the body, the upper wick is 8% of the range, after -11.05% over the 5 candles before; low 14.55, close 15.05.

Quiet RSI into overbought / oversold · Indicator-based · reading up

17 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Tue 01 Nov 2022

The most recent hit of RSI into overbought / oversold on the daily candles completed at Tue 01 Nov 2022, 21 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved +17.56% to 7.70.

What the candles did

RSI(14) fell to 29, into the oversold zone below 30.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Wilder's RSI crossed into the overbought zone (reported as a 'down' observation: stretched) or the oversold zone ('up': washed out).

What followed on this name's own record

After 17 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 8 times of 17 (47%). Median move in the hit's direction -2.24%; best +25.79%, worst -34.02%. Within the window the move typically reached +8.09% in the hit's favour and -8.95% against it. On this name that is a coin toss.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 14, high = 70, low = 30

Compute RSI(n) from the closes (Wilder smoothing).
The pattern completes when RSI moves from below `high` to at or above it (overbought → down), or from above `low` to at or below it (oversold → up).
Only the crossing candle is a hit, not every candle spent inside the zone.

The last 12 hits on this name

Tue 01 Nov 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 29, into the oversold zone below 30.
Fri 26 Aug 2022 down RSI(14) rose to 74, into the overbought zone above 70.
Wed 22 Jun 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 30, into the oversold zone below 30.
Thu 16 Jun 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 30, into the oversold zone below 30.
Wed 25 May 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 28, into the oversold zone below 30.
Wed 11 May 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 24, into the oversold zone below 30.
Fri 06 May 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 30, into the oversold zone below 30.
Thu 24 Feb 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 29, into the oversold zone below 30.
Thu 20 Jan 2022 down RSI(14) rose to 72, into the overbought zone above 70.
Wed 13 Oct 2021 down RSI(14) rose to 78, into the overbought zone above 70.
Wed 22 Sep 2021 down RSI(14) rose to 71, into the overbought zone above 70.
Tue 10 Aug 2021 up RSI(14) fell to 29, into the oversold zone below 30.

Quiet Bearish engulfing · Multi-candle shapes · reading down

16 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 22 Aug 2022

The most recent hit of Bearish engulfing on the daily candles completed at Mon 22 Aug 2022, 37 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -2.53% to 7.70.

What the candles did

An up candle (8.05→8.15) followed by a down candle (8.35→7.90) whose body covers it, after +0.63% over the 5 candles before.

What this pattern is taken to mean

An up candle followed by a down candle whose body covers it, after a rise.

What followed on this name's own record

After 16 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 12 times of 16 (75%). Median move in the hit's direction +6.25%; best +15.94%, worst -8.27%. Within the window the move typically reached +10.72% in the hit's favour and -5.90% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · context = 5

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes above its open; second closes below its open.
Second's open ≥ first's close and second's close ≤ first's open.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is positive (set 0 to skip).

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 22 Aug 2022 down An up candle (8.05→8.15) followed by a down candle (8.35→7.90) whose body covers it, after +0.63% over the 5 candles before.
Thu 07 Jul 2022 down An up candle (7.80→7.90) followed by a down candle (7.95→7.80) whose body covers it, after +0.63% over the 5 candles before.
Fri 03 Jun 2022 down An up candle (9.60→9.95) followed by a down candle (10.20→9.60) whose body covers it, after +5.49% over the 5 candles before.
Thu 07 Apr 2022 down An up candle (13.25→13.45) followed by a down candle (13.50→13.20) whose body covers it, after +9.35% over the 5 candles before.
Mon 14 Mar 2022 down An up candle (13.50→13.75) followed by a down candle (13.95→13.45) whose body covers it, after +3.00% over the 5 candles before.
Mon 24 Jan 2022 down An up candle (19.00→19.10) followed by a down candle (19.10→18.15) whose body covers it, after +15.58% over the 5 candles before.
Thu 09 Dec 2021 down An up candle (13.70→13.85) followed by a down candle (13.85→13.30) whose body covers it, after +1.12% over the 5 candles before.
Fri 26 Nov 2021 down An up candle (14.50→14.85) followed by a down candle (14.85→14.25) whose body covers it, after +3.97% over the 5 candles before.
Tue 19 Oct 2021 down An up candle (20.00→21.60) followed by a down candle (23.75→19.45) whose body covers it, after +59.11% over the 5 candles before.
Thu 16 Sep 2021 down An up candle (11.50→11.55) followed by a down candle (11.75→11.40) whose body covers it, after +1.77% over the 5 candles before.
Mon 26 Jul 2021 down An up candle (15.00→15.10) followed by a down candle (15.55→14.95) whose body covers it, after +10.66% over the 5 candles before.
Thu 22 Jul 2021 down An up candle (15.55→15.60) followed by a down candle (16.00→15.05) whose body covers it, after +5.30% over the 5 candles before.

Quiet Trend line: slope, length, strength · Trend and waves · reading down

10 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Fri 24 Jun 2022

The most recent hit of Trend line: slope, length, strength on the daily candles completed at Fri 24 Jun 2022, 68 sessions ago, a down reading. It held for 8 sessions, through Tue 05 Jul 2022. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -3.75% to 7.70.

What the candles did

Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 1.10% per candle with R² 0.87; 16 candles since the high of the window, -19.10% from it, and the last close is still with the line.

Where it stands on the latest candle

Slope -0.11% per candle (down), R² 0.01 (choppy), 7 candles from the window's high, -13.48% from it; the last close is off the line.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The straight-line fit through the last N closes: how steep, how long, how clean. This is the slope/length/strength reading (R6) and a version of the 20-candle rule that fires on a clean run even when one close in the middle dipped.

What followed on this name's own record

After 10 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 6 times of 10 (60%). Median move in the hit's direction +2.30%; best +9.28%, worst -44.74%. Within the window the move typically reached +10.93% in the hit's favour and -9.16% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 20, min_slope_pct = 0.25, min_r2 = 0.8

Fit a least-squares line through the last N closes (x = candle index).
Slope % = slope / mean close × 100, per candle. R² = share of the variance the line explains (1 = a ruler, 0 = chop).
Length = candles since the window's low (for a rising line) or high (falling). Magnitude = % from that extreme to the last close.
Continuing = the last close is on the slope's side of the fitted line, or the last three closes all moved with the slope.
The pattern completes when |slope %| ≥ min_slope_pct and R² ≥ min_r2; consecutive qualifying candles count once, at the first.
Progress always reports the current slope, R², length, magnitude and whether it is continuing.

The last 10 hits on this name

Fri 24 Jun 2022 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 1.10% per candle with R² 0.87; 16 candles since the high of the window, -19.10% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Mon 30 May 2022 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 1.22% per candle with R² 0.80; 19 candles since the high of the window, -20.09% from it, but the last close has slipped from the line.
Fri 06 May 2022 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 0.98% per candle with R² 0.82; 16 candles since the high of the window, -17.15% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Thu 17 Feb 2022 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 1.30% per candle with R² 0.82; 18 candles since the high of the window, -23.82% from it, but the last close has slipped from the line.
Wed 19 Jan 2022 up Over the last 20 candles the fitted line rises 1.03% per candle with R² 0.81; 14 candles since the low of the window, +25.09% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Thu 02 Dec 2021 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 1.22% per candle with R² 0.80; 18 candles since the high of the window, -20.42% from it, but the last close has slipped from the line.
Fri 13 Aug 2021 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 1.36% per candle with R² 0.86; 17 candles since the high of the window, -25.00% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Fri 04 Jun 2021 up Over the last 20 candles the fitted line rises 1.20% per candle with R² 0.82; 19 candles since the low of the window, +29.68% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Wed 24 Mar 2021 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 2.73% per candle with R² 0.83; 16 candles since the high of the window, -43.79% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Fri 05 Feb 2021 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 1.01% per candle with R² 0.80; 19 candles since the high of the window, -19.26% from it, and the last close is still with the line.

Quiet Bollinger squeeze, then a break · Indicator-based · reading up

8 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Wed 24 Aug 2022

The most recent hit of Bollinger squeeze, then a break on the daily candles completed at Wed 24 Aug 2022, 35 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -10.98% to 7.70.

What the candles did

Closed at 8.65, above the upper band (8.41) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The bands had narrowed to their tightest in a while, then the close left them. Read as a quiet stretch ending.

What followed on this name's own record

After 8 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 3 times of 8 (38%). Median move in the hit's direction -1.74%; best +34.02%, worst -10.40%. Within the window the move typically reached +16.79% in the hit's favour and -8.29% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 20, k = 2, squeeze = 60

Compute Bollinger bands: SMA(n) ± k × standard deviation of the last n closes; bandwidth = (upper − lower) / middle.
Squeeze: the smallest bandwidth in the last 6 candles is within 5% of the smallest over the last `squeeze` candles.
The pattern completes on a candle that closes above the upper band having been at or below it the candle before (up), or the mirror below the lower band (down), while squeezed.

The last 8 hits on this name

Wed 24 Aug 2022 up Closed at 8.65, above the upper band (8.41) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Tue 19 Jul 2022 up Closed at 8.35, above the upper band (8.33) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Tue 22 Mar 2022 up Closed at 14.40, above the upper band (14.22) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Mon 03 Jan 2022 up Closed at 14.95, above the upper band (14.94) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Fri 17 Sep 2021 up Closed at 12.50, above the upper band (11.97) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Wed 14 Jul 2021 down Closed at 13.90, below the lower band (13.91) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Thu 27 May 2021 up Closed at 13.10, above the upper band (12.88) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Mon 07 Dec 2020 up Closed at 12.05, above the upper band (10.96) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.

Quiet Shooting star · Single-candle shapes · reading down

8 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Wed 06 Jul 2022

The most recent hit of Shooting star on the daily candles completed at Wed 06 Jul 2022, 67 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -2.53% to 7.70.

What the candles did

Upper wick 0.30 is 3.0× the body, the lower wick is 0% of the range, after +0.63% over the 5 candles before; high 8.20, close 7.90.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long upper wick and a small body near the bottom, after a rise: the candle went well above and was pushed back down. Read as a high being rejected.

What followed on this name's own record

After 8 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 5 times of 8 (62%). Median move in the hit's direction +0.91%; best +11.96%, worst -2.53%. Within the window the move typically reached +8.78% in the hit's favour and -3.77% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_times = 2, other_wick_pct = 15, context = 5

Upper wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Lower wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is positive (set 0 to skip).
The wick's high is reported as the level rejected.

The last 8 hits on this name

Wed 06 Jul 2022 down Upper wick 0.30 is 3.0× the body, the lower wick is 0% of the range, after +0.63% over the 5 candles before; high 8.20, close 7.90.
Wed 08 Jun 2022 down Upper wick 0.35 is 3.5× the body, the lower wick is 0% of the range, after +0.52% over the 5 candles before; high 9.65, close 9.20.
Fri 25 Mar 2022 down Upper wick 0.35 is 7.0× the body, the lower wick is 0% of the range, after +8.78% over the 5 candles before; high 13.95, close 13.55.
Tue 25 Jan 2022 down Upper wick 0.85 is 8.5× the body, the lower wick is 0% of the range, after +7.40% over the 5 candles before; high 18.20, close 17.35.
Wed 01 Sep 2021 down Upper wick 0.25 is 5.0× the body, the lower wick is 0% of the range, after +1.33% over the 5 candles before; high 11.70, close 11.45.
Thu 24 Jun 2021 down Upper wick 0.85 is 2.4× the body, the lower wick is 0% of the range, after +3.34% over the 5 candles before; high 15.90, close 14.70.
Tue 17 Nov 2020 down Upper wick 0.25 is 2.5× the body, the lower wick is 13% of the range, after +1.02% over the 5 candles before; high 10.25, close 9.90.
Tue 22 Sep 2020 down Upper wick 0.30 is 2.0× the body, the lower wick is 0% of the range, after +4.61% over the 5 candles before; high 11.25, close 10.80.

Quiet Impulse wave (five swings, Elliott-style) · Trend and waves · reading down

7 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 09 May 2022

The most recent hit of Impulse wave (five swings, Elliott-style) on the daily candles completed at Mon 09 May 2022, 109 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -33.33% to 7.70.

What the candles did

Five swings down: 1 13.95→13.00, 2 back to 13.65 (below where 1 began), 3 to 11.25, 4 back to 12.30 (below the bottom of 1), 5 to 11.00; wave 3 is not the shortest.

Where it stands on the latest candle

Counting down: wave 1 confirmed, wave 2 under way (the current swing has not yet reversed by 4%). Pivots so far 9.30, 6.70, 7.70.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Five alternating swings that obey the three classical impulse rules. A count, not a prophecy: the same swings can be counted more than one way, and this is the plain mechanical reading.

What followed on this name's own record

After 7 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 4 times of 7 (57%). Median move in the hit's direction +3.68%; best +16.82%, worst -27.64%. Within the window the move typically reached +8.46% in the hit's favour and -4.89% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · swing_pct = 4

Find swings with the zigzag at swing_pct.
Take six consecutive confirmed pivots L-H-L-H-L-H (up) or H-L-H-L-H-L (down).
Rule 1: wave 2 does not retrace past the start of wave 1.
Rule 2: wave 3 is not the shortest of waves 1, 3 and 5.
Rule 3: wave 4 does not enter the price territory of wave 1.
Each wave must make progress: 3 beyond 1, 5 beyond 3.
The pattern completes when the sixth pivot is confirmed. Progress reports 'wave 5 under way' when the first five pivots hold and the live swing is the fifth wave.

The last 7 hits on this name

Mon 09 May 2022 down Five swings down: 1 13.95→13.00, 2 back to 13.65 (below where 1 began), 3 to 11.25, 4 back to 12.30 (below the bottom of 1), 5 to 11.00; wave 3 is not the shortest.
Mon 28 Feb 2022 down Five swings down: 1 17.60→16.25, 2 back to 17.50 (below where 1 began), 3 to 13.60, 4 back to 15.40 (below the bottom of 1), 5 to 12.10; wave 3 is not the shortest.
Tue 02 Nov 2021 down Five swings down: 1 23.75→16.75, 2 back to 17.95 (below where 1 began), 3 to 15.45, 4 back to 16.65 (below the bottom of 1), 5 to 14.50; wave 3 is not the shortest.
Fri 24 Sep 2021 up Five swings up: 1 11.00→11.90, 2 back to 11.10 (above where 1 began), 3 to 13.50, 4 back to 12.10 (above the top of 1), 5 to 14.65; wave 3 is not the shortest.
Mon 09 Aug 2021 down Five swings down: 1 16.25→14.55, 2 back to 15.55 (below where 1 began), 3 to 13.55, 4 back to 14.40 (below the bottom of 1), 5 to 12.45; wave 3 is not the shortest.
Tue 15 Jun 2021 up Five swings up: 1 11.80→14.40, 2 back to 12.40 (above where 1 began), 3 to 16.35, 4 back to 15.50 (above the top of 1), 5 to 17.30; wave 3 is not the shortest.
Tue 30 Mar 2021 down Five swings down: 1 18.50→15.65, 2 back to 16.50 (below where 1 began), 3 to 12.60, 4 back to 13.30 (below the bottom of 1), 5 to 8.60; wave 3 is not the shortest.

Quiet N consecutive rising candles · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

6 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Wed 09 Nov 2022

The most recent hit of N consecutive rising candles on the daily candles completed at Wed 09 Nov 2022, 16 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -6.10% to 7.70.

What the candles did

5 consecutive rising closes, from 6.55 to 8.20 (+25.19%).

Where it stands on the latest candle

2 rising closes in a row so far (+10.00%); the rule wants 5.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A momentum run: every close above the one before it for N candles. The owner's first example. Conventionally read as buyers in control for as long as it lasts.

What followed on this name's own record

After 6 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 3 times of 6 (50%). Median move in the hit's direction -1.81%; best +8.70%, worst -32.66%. Within the window the move typically reached +8.12% in the hit's favour and -14.80% against it. On this name that is a coin toss.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 5

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is above the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: how long the current streak is against N, and whether the last close is still rising.

The last 6 hits on this name

Wed 09 Nov 2022 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 6.55 to 8.20 (+25.19%).
Mon 29 Aug 2022 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 7.90 to 9.95 (+25.95%).
Thu 20 Jan 2022 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 15.45 to 18.55 (+20.06%).
Thu 02 Sep 2021 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 11.00 to 11.50 (+4.55%).
Mon 05 Apr 2021 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 9.05 to 11.40 (+25.97%).
Mon 04 Jan 2021 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 16.30 to 19.40 (+19.02%).

Quiet Morning star · Multi-candle shapes · reading up

3 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Wed 08 Dec 2021

The most recent hit of Morning star on the daily candles completed at Wed 08 Dec 2021, 210 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -44.40% to 7.70.

What the candles did

A long down candle (13.45→12.90), a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing at 13.85, above the first candle's midpoint 13.18.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long down candle, a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first. Read as a decline stalling and turning.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 3 earlier hits on this name's daily candles with 10 sessions after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 3 of 3 times, median move +6.10%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · small_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles.
First: a down candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first candle's body.

The last 3 hits on this name

Wed 08 Dec 2021 up A long down candle (13.45→12.90), a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing at 13.85, above the first candle's midpoint 13.18.
Tue 02 Feb 2021 up A long down candle (16.70→15.80), a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing at 16.40, above the first candle's midpoint 16.25.
Fri 04 Dec 2020 up A long down candle (9.75→9.50), a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing at 10.05, above the first candle's midpoint 9.62.

Quiet Evening star · Multi-candle shapes · reading down

1 hit in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Thu 18 Aug 2022

The most recent hit of Evening star on the daily candles completed at Thu 18 Aug 2022, 39 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -4.35% to 7.70.

What the candles did

A long up candle (8.00→8.15), a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing at 8.05, below the first candle's midpoint 8.07.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long up candle, a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 1 earlier hit on this name's daily candles with 10 sessions after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 0 of 1 times, median move +17.39%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · small_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles.
First: an up candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first candle's body.

The last 1 hit on this name

Thu 18 Aug 2022 down A long up candle (8.00→8.15), a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing at 8.05, below the first candle's midpoint 8.07.

Quiet Three black crows · Multi-candle shapes · reading down

1 hit in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Tue 30 Nov 2021

The most recent hit of Three black crows on the daily candles completed at Tue 30 Nov 2021, 216 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -40.54% to 7.70.

What the candles did

Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the last body and closing lower (14.25, 13.60, 12.95) with short lower wicks.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing lower, with little lower wick.

What followed on this name's own record

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles, all closing below their opens.
Each close below the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each lower wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

The last 1 hit on this name

Tue 30 Nov 2021 down Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the last body and closing lower (14.25, 13.60, 12.95) with short lower wicks.

Quiet Cross of a level you set · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up or down

0 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the daily candles on file

Cross of a level you set did not complete anywhere in the 520 daily candles stored for this name (from Tue 08 Sep 2020 to Wed 28 Dec 2022).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The close went through a price you chose. Read however you meant the level.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's daily candles has a full 10 sessions after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · level = 0

Take the level you entered.
The pattern completes on a candle whose close is at or above the level while the previous close was below it (up), or at or below it while the previous close was above (down).
Nothing is reported until a level is set.

Quiet Three white soldiers · Multi-candle shapes · reading up

0 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the daily candles on file

Three white soldiers did not complete anywhere in the 520 daily candles stored for this name (from Tue 08 Sep 2020 to Wed 28 Dec 2022).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Three up candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing higher, with little upper wick.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's daily candles has a full 10 sessions after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles, all closing above their opens.
Each close above the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each upper wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

The library, rule by rule

What each pattern checks, in the order the code checks it, with the parameters and their defaults for daily candles. The "meaning" is the convention the pattern is named for, stated as a convention; whether it held on a given name is what the test above measures.

Runs, breaks and structure

Rules on closes, highs and lows alone. Plain to state, plain to check.

N consecutive rising candles · reading up · any candleA momentum run: every close above the one before it for N candles. The owner's first example. Conventionally read as buyers in control for as long as it lasts.

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is above the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: how long the current streak is against N, and whether the last close is still rising.

n = 5: Consecutive rising closes (N) — The owner's momentum-run example uses 20.

Test this pattern on SICAL

N consecutive falling candles · reading down · any candleThe mirror: every close below the one before it for N candles. Read as sellers in control while it lasts.

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is below the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: the current streak against N.

n = 5: Consecutive falling closes (N)

Test this pattern on SICAL

Higher highs and higher lows · reading up · any candleUptrend structure: each swing high above the last and each swing low above the last. Read as a trend that is still being confirmed by its pullbacks.

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag: a pivot is confirmed once price has moved swing_pct against it.
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high in the window above the previous swing high, and each swing low above the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot in the window was confirmed.
The last swing low is reported as the level the structure stands on.

swings = 2: Higher highs / higher lows required
swing_pct = 3: Minimum swing size, % — Smaller on intraday candles.

Test this pattern on SICAL

Lower highs and lower lows · reading down · any candleDowntrend structure: each swing high below the last and each swing low below the last.

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag (pivot confirmed after a swing_pct move against it).
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high below the previous swing high, and each swing low below the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot was confirmed.
The last swing high is reported as the level the structure hangs from.

swings = 2: Lower highs / lower lows required
swing_pct = 3: Minimum swing size, %

Test this pattern on SICAL

Gap at the open · reading up or down · any candleThe session opened at least X% away from the previous close. Read as news or flow arriving overnight.

At the first candle of each session, compare its open with the last close of the previous session.
Gap % = open / previous close − 1.
The pattern completes when |gap %| ≥ pct; direction is the gap's sign.
On daily candles this is simply open vs the previous day's close.

pct = 1: Minimum gap, %

Test this pattern on SICAL

Move of X% within M candles · reading up or down · any candleA fast move: the close is at least X% away from where it was M candles ago. Read as a burst of one-sided flow.

For each candle, take the close M candles earlier.
Move % = close now / close then − 1.
The pattern completes when |move %| ≥ pct; direction is the sign.
Consecutive candles that all qualify in the same direction count once, at the first of them.

pct = 2: Minimum move, %
candles = 3: Within this many candles (M)

Test this pattern on SICAL

Cross of a level you set · reading up or down · any candleThe close went through a price you chose. Read however you meant the level.

Take the level you entered.
The pattern completes on a candle whose close is at or above the level while the previous close was below it (up), or at or below it while the previous close was above (down).
Nothing is reported until a level is set.

level = 0: Your level, ₹ — Required — leave at 0 and this pattern reports nothing.

Test this pattern on SICAL

Inside bar, then a breakout · reading up or down · any candleA candle whose whole range sat inside the one before it (a pause), then a close outside the mother candle's range. Read as a pause resolving.

Take three consecutive candles: mother, inside, break.
Inside: its high ≤ mother high and its low ≥ mother low.
The pattern completes when the third candle closes above the mother high (up) or below the mother low (down).

Test this pattern on SICAL

Indicator-based

Rules on a derived line: moving averages, VWAP, volume, RSI, Bollinger bands.

Moving-average cross · reading up or down · any candleThe faster simple average crossed the slower one. Read as the near-term average price overtaking (or falling behind) the longer one.

Compute SMA(fast) and SMA(slow) of the closes.
The pattern completes on a candle where fast was ≤ slow on the previous candle and is > slow now (up), or ≥ before and < now (down).
fast must be smaller than slow, else nothing is reported.

fast = 9: Fast average, candles
slow = 21: Slow average, candles

Test this pattern on SICAL

Volume spike · reading up or down · any candleOne candle traded many times the recent average volume. Read as attention arriving; the candle's colour says which way it leaned.

Average the volume of the previous M candles (those that reported one).
The pattern completes when this candle's volume ≥ times × that average.
Direction is the candle's own: up if it closed above its open, down if below, neutral if flat.

times = 3: Multiple of the average
candles = 20: Average over this many candles (M)

Test this pattern on SICAL

RSI into overbought / oversold · reading up or down · any candleWilder's RSI crossed into the overbought zone (reported as a 'down' observation: stretched) or the oversold zone ('up': washed out).

Compute RSI(n) from the closes (Wilder smoothing).
The pattern completes when RSI moves from below `high` to at or above it (overbought → down), or from above `low` to at or below it (oversold → up).
Only the crossing candle is a hit, not every candle spent inside the zone.

n = 14: RSI length
high = 70: Overbought above
low = 30: Oversold below

Test this pattern on SICAL

Bollinger squeeze, then a break · reading up or down · any candleThe bands had narrowed to their tightest in a while, then the close left them. Read as a quiet stretch ending.

Compute Bollinger bands: SMA(n) ± k × standard deviation of the last n closes; bandwidth = (upper − lower) / middle.
Squeeze: the smallest bandwidth in the last 6 candles is within 5% of the smallest over the last `squeeze` candles.
The pattern completes on a candle that closes above the upper band having been at or below it the candle before (up), or the mirror below the lower band (down), while squeezed.

n = 20: Band length
k = 2: Standard deviations
squeeze = 60: Tightest in this many candles

Test this pattern on SICAL

Trend and waves

The fitted trend line and the swing count. A wave count is a reading of the swings, not a prophecy.

Trend line: slope, length, strength · reading up or down · any candleThe straight-line fit through the last N closes: how steep, how long, how clean. This is the slope/length/strength reading (R6) and a version of the 20-candle rule that fires on a clean run even when one close in the middle dipped.

Fit a least-squares line through the last N closes (x = candle index).
Slope % = slope / mean close × 100, per candle. R² = share of the variance the line explains (1 = a ruler, 0 = chop).
Length = candles since the window's low (for a rising line) or high (falling). Magnitude = % from that extreme to the last close.
Continuing = the last close is on the slope's side of the fitted line, or the last three closes all moved with the slope.
The pattern completes when |slope %| ≥ min_slope_pct and R² ≥ min_r2; consecutive qualifying candles count once, at the first.
Progress always reports the current slope, R², length, magnitude and whether it is continuing.

n = 20: Candles in the fit (N)
min_slope_pct = 0.25: Minimum slope, % per candle
min_r2 = 0.8: Minimum R²

Test this pattern on SICAL

Impulse wave (five swings, Elliott-style) · reading up or down · any candleFive alternating swings that obey the three classical impulse rules. A count, not a prophecy: the same swings can be counted more than one way, and this is the plain mechanical reading.

Find swings with the zigzag at swing_pct.
Take six consecutive confirmed pivots L-H-L-H-L-H (up) or H-L-H-L-H-L (down).
Rule 1: wave 2 does not retrace past the start of wave 1.
Rule 2: wave 3 is not the shortest of waves 1, 3 and 5.
Rule 3: wave 4 does not enter the price territory of wave 1.
Each wave must make progress: 3 beyond 1, 5 beyond 3.
The pattern completes when the sixth pivot is confirmed. Progress reports 'wave 5 under way' when the first five pivots hold and the live swing is the fifth wave.

swing_pct = 4: Minimum swing size, %

Test this pattern on SICAL

Multi-candle shapes

Two- and three-candle shapes from the classical catalogue.

Bullish engulfing · reading up · any candleA down candle followed by an up candle whose body covers it, after a decline. Read as the decline being rejected in one candle.

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes below its open; second closes above its open.
Second's open ≤ first's close and second's close ≥ first's open (its body covers the first's body).
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is negative (set 0 to skip).

context = 5: Decline measured over this many candles before

Test this pattern on SICAL

Bearish engulfing · reading down · any candleAn up candle followed by a down candle whose body covers it, after a rise.

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes above its open; second closes below its open.
Second's open ≥ first's close and second's close ≤ first's open.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is positive (set 0 to skip).

context = 5: Rise measured over this many candles before

Test this pattern on SICAL

Morning star · reading up · any candleA long down candle, a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first. Read as a decline stalling and turning.

Take three consecutive candles.
First: a down candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first candle's body.

small_pct = 30: Middle candle body, % of the first's

Test this pattern on SICAL

Evening star · reading down · any candleA long up candle, a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first.

Take three consecutive candles.
First: an up candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first candle's body.

small_pct = 30: Middle candle body, % of the first's

Test this pattern on SICAL

Three white soldiers · reading up · any candleThree up candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing higher, with little upper wick.

Take three consecutive candles, all closing above their opens.
Each close above the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each upper wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

wick_pct = 30: Maximum upper wick, % of body

Test this pattern on SICAL

Three black crows · reading down · any candleThree down candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing lower, with little lower wick.

Take three consecutive candles, all closing below their opens.
Each close below the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each lower wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

wick_pct = 30: Maximum lower wick, % of body

Test this pattern on SICAL

Single-candle shapes

One candle's body and wicks. Weak on their own; shown with what followed on this name.

Doji · reading neutral · any candleOpen and close almost equal: the candle ranged but ended where it began. Read as indecision.

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≤ body_pct of the range.

body_pct = 10: Body no more than this % of the range

Test this pattern on SICAL

Hammer · reading up · any candleA long lower wick and a small body near the top, after a decline: the candle went well below and was pulled back up. Read as a low being rejected.

Lower wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Upper wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is negative (set 0 to skip).
The wick's low is reported as the level rejected.

wick_times = 2: Lower wick at least this many × body
other_wick_pct = 15: Upper wick at most this % of range
context = 5: Decline measured over this many candles before

Test this pattern on SICAL

Shooting star · reading down · any candleA long upper wick and a small body near the bottom, after a rise: the candle went well above and was pushed back down. Read as a high being rejected.

Upper wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Lower wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is positive (set 0 to skip).
The wick's high is reported as the level rejected.

wick_times = 2: Upper wick at least this many × body
other_wick_pct = 15: Lower wick at most this % of range
context = 5: Rise measured over this many candles before

Test this pattern on SICAL

Marubozu · reading up or down · any candleAlmost no wicks: the candle opened at one end of its range and closed at the other. Read as one side in control for the whole candle.

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≥ body_pct of the range.
Direction is the candle's colour.

body_pct = 90: Body at least this % of the range

Test this pattern on SICAL

Indicator definitions: SMA(n) is the mean of the last n closes. RSI(n) is Wilder's — average gain over average loss, smoothed by (previous × (n−1) + now) / n. ATR(n) is the Wilder-smoothed mean of the true range. Bollinger bands are SMA(n) ± k standard deviations of the same n closes. VWAP is Σ(typical price × volume) / Σ volume within the session, typical price = (high + low + close) / 3. The trend line is ordinary least squares on close against candle index. Swings come from a zigzag that confirms a pivot once price has moved the swing size against it.