Patterns

Every pattern here is a rule over stored candles, written out step by step below. Pick a name and a candle size, then one pattern to test — or let the library look for anything in progress. A hit is an observation of what the candles just did; what followed the earlier hits on the same name is counted and shown beside it, every hit included. For what the candles in progress say about the coming hours and days, open the outlook; to be told when a pattern completes, sign in and tap Alert me on any card.

Test a name

Company or symbol Candle Pattern or wave Judge after candles

Defaults shown are for daily candles; change the candle size and re-test to see that size's defaults. Intraday candles exist only for names on a reader's watchlist, from the day they were added; daily candles go back to 2021.

JBFIND · JBFIND · daily candles

520 candles on file from 12 Mar 2021 as of the close of 3 Oct 2023 last close ₹4.30 judged 10 candles after each hit the outlook for the coming hours and days →

In progress now Gap at the open · up · Tue 03 Oct 2023 In progress now Move of X% within M candles · up · Tue 03 Oct 2023 Just hit N consecutive rising candles · up · Mon 11 Sep 2023

The candles, with the hits marked

last 160 of 520 · shaded = the formation · triangle = the candle it completed on · dashed = a level the latest hit named

In progress now Gap at the open · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

382 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit on the latest daily candle — Tue 03 Oct 2023

Gap at the open completed on the candle that closed at Tue 03 Oct 2023, an up reading. That is the newest candle on file, so this is in progress now.

What the candles did

Opened at 4.30, +4.88% above the previous close of 4.10.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The session opened at least X% away from the previous close. Read as news or flow arriving overnight.

What followed on this name's own record

After 372 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 165 times of 372 (44%). Median move in the hit's direction -1.50%; best +61.30%, worst -43.40%. Within the window the move typically reached +9.41% in the hit's favour and -9.06% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · pct = 1

At the first candle of each session, compare its open with the last close of the previous session.
Gap % = open / previous close − 1.
The pattern completes when |gap %| ≥ pct; direction is the gap's sign.
On daily candles this is simply open vs the previous day's close.

The last 12 hits on this name

Tue 03 Oct 2023 up Opened at 4.30, +4.88% above the previous close of 4.10.
Mon 25 Sep 2023 up Opened at 4.10, +3.80% above the previous close of 3.95.
Mon 18 Sep 2023 up Opened at 3.95, +3.95% above the previous close of 3.80.
Mon 11 Sep 2023 up Opened at 3.80, +4.11% above the previous close of 3.65.
Mon 04 Sep 2023 up Opened at 3.65, +4.29% above the previous close of 3.50.
Mon 28 Aug 2023 up Opened at 3.50, +4.48% above the previous close of 3.35.
Mon 21 Aug 2023 up Opened at 3.35, +4.69% above the previous close of 3.20.
Mon 14 Aug 2023 down Opened at 2.90, -4.92% below the previous close of 3.05.
Mon 07 Aug 2023 down Opened at 3.05, -4.69% below the previous close of 3.20.
Mon 31 Jul 2023 down Opened at 3.20, -4.48% below the previous close of 3.35.
Mon 24 Jul 2023 down Opened at 3.35, -4.29% below the previous close of 3.50.
Mon 17 Jul 2023 down Opened at 3.50, -4.11% below the previous close of 3.65.

In progress now Move of X% within M candles · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

100 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit on the latest daily candle — Tue 03 Oct 2023

Move of X% within M candles has held from the candle of Mon 21 Aug 2023 through the newest one on file (7 sessions), an up reading. It is in progress now.

What the candles did

+4.69% in the last 3 candles, 3.20 to 3.35.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A fast move: the close is at least X% away from where it was M candles ago. Read as a burst of one-sided flow.

What followed on this name's own record

After 99 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 59 times of 99 (60%). Median move in the hit's direction +3.04%; best +61.17%, worst -51.23%. Within the window the move typically reached +10.00% in the hit's favour and -5.88% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · pct = 2, candles = 3

For each candle, take the close M candles earlier.
Move % = close now / close then − 1.
The pattern completes when |move %| ≥ pct; direction is the sign.
Consecutive candles that all qualify in the same direction count once, at the first of them.

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 21 Aug 2023 up +4.69% in the last 3 candles, 3.20 to 3.35.
Mon 03 Apr 2023 down -2.76% in the last 3 candles, 7.25 to 7.05.
Mon 27 Feb 2023 up +4.72% in the last 3 candles, 5.30 to 5.55.
Mon 13 Feb 2023 down -4.00% in the last 3 candles, 7.50 to 7.20.
Wed 08 Feb 2023 down -2.60% in the last 3 candles, 7.70 to 7.50.
Mon 23 Jan 2023 down -2.41% in the last 3 candles, 8.30 to 8.10.
Mon 16 Jan 2023 down -4.07% in the last 3 candles, 8.60 to 8.25.
Mon 09 Jan 2023 down -3.33% in the last 3 candles, 9.00 to 8.70.
Thu 05 Jan 2023 down -3.26% in the last 3 candles, 9.20 to 8.90.
Wed 28 Dec 2022 up +4.43% in the last 3 candles, 7.90 to 8.25.
Thu 22 Dec 2022 down -2.94% in the last 3 candles, 8.50 to 8.25.
Thu 15 Dec 2022 down -2.81% in the last 3 candles, 8.90 to 8.65.

Just hit N consecutive rising candles · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

10 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit 3 sessions ago — Mon 11 Sep 2023

N consecutive rising candles completed on the daily candle of Mon 11 Sep 2023, an up reading, 3 sessions before the latest one (which closed at Tue 03 Oct 2023 at 4.30). Since the hit the close has moved +13.16%.

What the candles did

5 consecutive rising closes, from 3.05 to 3.80 (+24.59%).

Where it stands on the latest candle

8 rising closes in a row so far (+40.98%); the rule wants 5.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A momentum run: every close above the one before it for N candles. The owner's first example. Conventionally read as buyers in control for as long as it lasts.

What followed on this name's own record

After 9 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 3 times of 9 (33%). Median move in the hit's direction -1.14%; best +61.18%, worst -12.84%. Within the window the move typically reached +21.50% in the hit's favour and -8.66% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 5

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is above the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: how long the current streak is against N, and whether the last close is still rising.

The last 10 hits on this name

Mon 11 Sep 2023 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 3.05 to 3.80 (+24.59%).
Thu 02 Mar 2023 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 5.05 to 6.35 (+25.74%).
Thu 01 Dec 2022 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 8.10 to 8.75 (+8.02%).
Thu 19 May 2022 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 11.70 to 14.80 (+26.50%).
Thu 07 Apr 2022 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 12.95 to 16.15 (+24.71%).
Tue 07 Dec 2021 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 16.20 to 20.00 (+23.46%).
Wed 08 Sep 2021 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 21.20 to 25.05 (+18.16%).
Mon 21 Jun 2021 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 23.40 to 29.75 (+27.14%).
Fri 21 May 2021 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 16.65 to 21.15 (+27.03%).
Tue 13 Apr 2021 up 5 consecutive rising closes, from 14.05 to 17.85 (+27.05%).

Quiet Doji · Single-candle shapes · reading neutral

57 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 07 Aug 2023

The most recent hit of Doji on the daily candles completed at Mon 07 Aug 2023, 8 sessions ago, a neutral reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved +40.98% to 4.30.

What the candles did

Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.05 range: open 3.05, close 3.05, high 3.10, low 3.05.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Open and close almost equal: the candle ranged but ended where it began. Read as indecision.

What followed on this name's own record

After 56 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later was higher 25 times of 56 (45%). Median move -1.20%; best +61.30%, worst -32.67%. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · body_pct = 10

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≤ body_pct of the range.

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 07 Aug 2023 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.05 range: open 3.05, close 3.05, high 3.10, low 3.05.
Mon 24 Jul 2023 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.05 range: open 3.35, close 3.35, high 3.40, low 3.35.
Wed 22 Feb 2023 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.50 range: open 5.30, close 5.30, high 5.80, low 5.30.
Fri 10 Feb 2023 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.30 range: open 7.50, close 7.50, high 7.50, low 7.20.
Thu 09 Feb 2023 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.15 range: open 7.50, close 7.50, high 7.65, low 7.50.
Wed 04 Jan 2023 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.20 range: open 9.00, close 9.00, high 9.10, low 8.90.
Mon 12 Dec 2022 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.20 range: open 8.90, close 8.90, high 8.95, low 8.75.
Fri 02 Dec 2022 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.25 range: open 8.75, close 8.75, high 8.80, low 8.55.
Fri 11 Nov 2022 neutral Body 0.05 is 8% of the 0.60 range: open 10.90, close 10.85, high 11.20, low 10.60.
Mon 24 Oct 2022 neutral Body 0.05 is 7% of the 0.75 range: open 11.95, close 11.90, high 12.25, low 11.50.
Thu 22 Sep 2022 neutral Body 0.05 is 8% of the 0.65 range: open 11.95, close 11.90, high 12.05, low 11.40.
Mon 12 Sep 2022 neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.55 range: open 12.50, close 12.50, high 12.80, low 12.25.

Quiet Marubozu · Single-candle shapes · reading up

57 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 14 Aug 2023

The most recent hit of Marubozu on the daily candles completed at Mon 14 Aug 2023, 7 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved +34.37% to 4.30.

What the candles did

Body 0.30 is 100% of the range: opened near the low and closed near the high (2.90→3.20).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Almost no wicks: the candle opened at one end of its range and closed at the other. Read as one side in control for the whole candle.

What followed on this name's own record

After 56 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 34 times of 56 (61%). Median move in the hit's direction +2.49%; best +37.59%, worst -40.56%. Within the window the move typically reached +13.98% in the hit's favour and -4.14% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · body_pct = 90

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≥ body_pct of the range.
Direction is the candle's colour.

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 14 Aug 2023 up Body 0.30 is 100% of the range: opened near the low and closed near the high (2.90→3.20).
Mon 03 Apr 2023 down Body 0.10 is 100% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (7.15→7.05).
Mon 06 Mar 2023 up Body 0.05 is 100% of the range: opened near the low and closed near the high (6.90→6.95).
Tue 28 Feb 2023 up Body 0.25 is 100% of the range: opened near the low and closed near the high (5.55→5.80).
Mon 20 Feb 2023 down Body 0.45 is 90% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (6.30→5.85).
Fri 17 Feb 2023 down Body 0.30 is 100% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (6.45→6.15).
Thu 16 Feb 2023 down Body 0.30 is 100% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (6.75→6.45).
Mon 06 Feb 2023 down Body 0.30 is 100% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (7.85→7.55).
Thu 19 Jan 2023 down Body 0.50 is 100% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (8.70→8.20).
Thu 29 Dec 2022 up Body 0.45 is 90% of the range: opened near the low and closed near the high (8.20→8.65).
Mon 26 Dec 2022 up Body 0.65 is 100% of the range: opened near the low and closed near the high (7.60→8.25).
Thu 15 Dec 2022 down Body 0.20 is 100% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (8.85→8.65).

Quiet Lower highs and lower lows · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

52 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 27 Feb 2023

The most recent hit of Lower highs and lower lows on the daily candles completed at Mon 27 Feb 2023, 35 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -22.52% to 4.30.

What the candles did

2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.55, 7.50, 4.85; highs 7.85, 7.80.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Downtrend structure: each swing high below the last and each swing low below the last.

What followed on this name's own record

After 52 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 23 times of 52 (44%). Median move in the hit's direction -1.35%; best +32.67%, worst -61.17%. Within the window the move typically reached +7.75% in the hit's favour and -10.43% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · swings = 2, swing_pct = 3

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag (pivot confirmed after a swing_pct move against it).
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high below the previous swing high, and each swing low below the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot was confirmed.
The last swing high is reported as the level the structure hangs from.

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 27 Feb 2023 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.55, 7.50, 4.85; highs 7.85, 7.80.
Thu 09 Feb 2023 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.55, 7.50; highs 7.95, 7.85, 7.80.
Thu 02 Feb 2023 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.60, 7.50; highs 8.70, 8.30, 7.95.
Tue 31 Jan 2023 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 8.15, 7.60, 7.50; highs 8.70, 8.30.
Mon 30 Jan 2023 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 8.15, 7.60; highs 9.00, 8.70, 8.30.
Fri 27 Jan 2023 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 8.35, 8.15, 7.60; highs 9.00, 8.70.
Fri 20 Jan 2023 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 8.35, 8.15; highs 9.40, 9.00, 8.70.
Wed 28 Dec 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 8.35, 7.60; highs 9.00, 8.85, 8.45.
Tue 27 Dec 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 8.60, 8.35, 7.60; highs 9.00, 8.85.
Thu 22 Dec 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 8.60, 8.35; highs 9.10, 9.00, 8.85.
Tue 29 Nov 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 9.90, 8.10; highs 10.80, 10.25, 8.90.
Fri 25 Nov 2022 down 2 lower highs and lower lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 10.15, 9.90, 8.10; highs 10.80, 10.25.

Quiet Volume spike · Indicator-based · reading neutral

28 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 24 Jul 2023

The most recent hit of Volume spike on the daily candles completed at Mon 24 Jul 2023, 10 sessions ago, a neutral reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved +28.36% to 4.30.

What the candles did

Volume 7.5× the average of the previous 20 candles (272,399 vs 36,375), on a flat candle.

What this pattern is taken to mean

One candle traded many times the recent average volume. Read as attention arriving; the candle's colour says which way it leaned.

What followed on this name's own record

After 28 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 13 times of 28 (46%). Median move in the hit's direction -1.21%; best +37.84%, worst -30.16%. Within the window the move typically reached +10.25% in the hit's favour and -6.94% against it. On this name that is a coin toss.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · times = 3, candles = 20

Average the volume of the previous M candles (those that reported one).
The pattern completes when this candle's volume ≥ times × that average.
Direction is the candle's own: up if it closed above its open, down if below, neutral if flat.

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 24 Jul 2023 neutral Volume 7.5× the average of the previous 20 candles (272,399 vs 36,375), on a flat candle.
Fri 10 Mar 2023 down Volume 4.2× the average of the previous 20 candles (263,766 vs 63,524), on a down candle.
Mon 20 Feb 2023 down Volume 3.4× the average of the previous 20 candles (218,829 vs 64,950), on a down candle.
Thu 24 Nov 2022 down Volume 15.5× the average of the previous 20 candles (3,947,105 vs 255,251), on a down candle.
Wed 23 Nov 2022 down Volume 3.6× the average of the previous 20 candles (795,127 vs 219,431), on a down candle.
Thu 20 Oct 2022 down Volume 11.5× the average of the previous 20 candles (2,010,519 vs 174,280), on a down candle.
Wed 19 Oct 2022 up Volume 3.2× the average of the previous 20 candles (491,900 vs 154,354), on an up candle.
Thu 13 Oct 2022 down Volume 6.3× the average of the previous 20 candles (650,369 vs 102,691), on a down candle.
Fri 22 Jul 2022 down Volume 5.7× the average of the previous 20 candles (608,297 vs 106,190), on a down candle.
Thu 21 Jul 2022 up Volume 5.2× the average of the previous 20 candles (449,196 vs 86,359), on an up candle.
Wed 20 Jul 2022 up Volume 6.2× the average of the previous 20 candles (439,460 vs 70,833), on an up candle.
Tue 19 Jul 2022 up Volume 3.3× the average of the previous 20 candles (204,883 vs 61,850), on an up candle.

Quiet Moving-average cross · Indicator-based · reading down

27 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 29 May 2023

The most recent hit of Moving-average cross on the daily candles completed at Mon 29 May 2023, 18 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -10.42% to 4.30.

What the candles did

The 9-candle average (5.86) crossed below the 21-candle average (6.10).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The faster simple average crossed the slower one. Read as the near-term average price overtaking (or falling behind) the longer one.

What followed on this name's own record

After 27 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 11 times of 27 (41%). Median move in the hit's direction -4.26%; best +36.46%, worst -37.84%. Within the window the move typically reached +9.64% in the hit's favour and -8.33% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · fast = 9, slow = 21

Compute SMA(fast) and SMA(slow) of the closes.
The pattern completes on a candle where fast was ≤ slow on the previous candle and is > slow now (up), or ≥ before and < now (down).
fast must be smaller than slow, else nothing is reported.

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 29 May 2023 down The 9-candle average (5.86) crossed below the 21-candle average (6.10).
Fri 10 Mar 2023 up The 9-candle average (6.62) crossed above the 21-candle average (6.43).
Tue 17 Jan 2023 down The 9-candle average (8.55) crossed below the 21-candle average (8.57).
Thu 05 Jan 2023 up The 9-candle average (8.73) crossed above the 21-candle average (8.65).
Fri 11 Nov 2022 down The 9-candle average (11.24) crossed below the 21-candle average (11.30).
Mon 24 Oct 2022 up The 9-candle average (11.22) crossed above the 21-candle average (11.19).
Tue 20 Sep 2022 down The 9-candle average (12.31) crossed below the 21-candle average (12.43).
Fri 02 Sep 2022 up The 9-candle average (12.16) crossed above the 21-candle average (12.11).
Wed 10 Aug 2022 down The 9-candle average (12.27) crossed below the 21-candle average (12.36).
Wed 20 Jul 2022 up The 9-candle average (11.58) crossed above the 21-candle average (11.41).
Fri 10 Jun 2022 down The 9-candle average (13.14) crossed below the 21-candle average (13.21).
Tue 07 Jun 2022 up The 9-candle average (13.19) crossed above the 21-candle average (13.11).

Quiet Inside bar, then a breakout · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

25 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 23 Jan 2023

The most recent hit of Inside bar, then a breakout on the daily candles completed at Mon 23 Jan 2023, 59 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -46.91% to 4.30.

What the candles did

An inside candle (8.20–8.50) within the one before it (8.20–8.70), then a close at 8.10 below that range.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A candle whose whole range sat inside the one before it (a pause), then a close outside the mother candle's range. Read as a pause resolving.

What followed on this name's own record

After 25 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 17 times of 25 (68%). Median move in the hit's direction +3.25%; best +61.17%, worst -50.81%. Within the window the move typically reached +8.67% in the hit's favour and -6.08% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked

Take three consecutive candles: mother, inside, break.
Inside: its high ≤ mother high and its low ≥ mother low.
The pattern completes when the third candle closes above the mother high (up) or below the mother low (down).

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 23 Jan 2023 down An inside candle (8.20–8.50) within the one before it (8.20–8.70), then a close at 8.10 below that range.
Mon 09 Jan 2023 down An inside candle (8.85–9.05) within the one before it (8.85–9.05), then a close at 8.70 below that range.
Thu 29 Dec 2022 up An inside candle (8.15–8.45) within the one before it (8.10–8.45), then a close at 8.65 above that range.
Wed 23 Nov 2022 down An inside candle (9.90–10.25) within the one before it (9.90–11.20), then a close at 9.00 below that range.
Mon 22 Aug 2022 down An inside candle (11.30–11.75) within the one before it (11.30–11.80), then a close at 11.20 below that range.
Thu 16 Jun 2022 down An inside candle (12.15–12.95) within the one before it (12.10–12.95), then a close at 11.90 below that range.
Mon 23 May 2022 down An inside candle (14.10–14.30) within the one before it (13.45–14.80), then a close at 13.40 below that range.
Mon 16 May 2022 up An inside candle (11.80–12.25) within the one before it (11.70–12.55), then a close at 12.85 above that range.
Tue 12 Apr 2022 down An inside candle (15.55–16.30) within the one before it (15.55–16.55), then a close at 15.40 below that range.
Mon 04 Apr 2022 up An inside candle (12.80–13.55) within the one before it (12.80–13.65), then a close at 14.20 above that range.
Mon 28 Mar 2022 down An inside candle (14.45–14.95) within the one before it (14.20–15.00), then a close at 14.10 below that range.
Tue 15 Mar 2022 down An inside candle (16.40–17.30) within the one before it (16.20–17.45), then a close at 15.75 below that range.

Quiet RSI into overbought / oversold · Indicator-based · reading up

19 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 22 May 2023

The most recent hit of RSI into overbought / oversold on the daily candles completed at Mon 22 May 2023, 19 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -14.85% to 4.30.

What the candles did

RSI(14) fell to 30, into the oversold zone below 30.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Wilder's RSI crossed into the overbought zone (reported as a 'down' observation: stretched) or the oversold zone ('up': washed out).

What followed on this name's own record

After 19 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 8 times of 19 (42%). Median move in the hit's direction -1.67%; best +29.41%, worst -61.30%. Within the window the move typically reached +8.05% in the hit's favour and -10.00% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 14, high = 70, low = 30

Compute RSI(n) from the closes (Wilder smoothing).
The pattern completes when RSI moves from below `high` to at or above it (overbought → down), or from above `low` to at or below it (oversold → up).
Only the crossing candle is a hit, not every candle spent inside the zone.

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 22 May 2023 up RSI(14) fell to 30, into the oversold zone below 30.
Mon 13 Feb 2023 up RSI(14) fell to 25, into the oversold zone below 30.
Fri 27 Jan 2023 up RSI(14) fell to 29, into the oversold zone below 30.
Thu 22 Dec 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 30, into the oversold zone below 30.
Wed 23 Nov 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 28, into the oversold zone below 30.
Thu 13 Oct 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 28, into the oversold zone below 30.
Wed 20 Jul 2022 down RSI(14) rose to 73, into the overbought zone above 70.
Wed 11 May 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 29, into the oversold zone below 30.
Tue 29 Mar 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 29, into the oversold zone below 30.
Fri 04 Mar 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 28, into the oversold zone below 30.
Thu 24 Feb 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 28, into the oversold zone below 30.
Thu 17 Feb 2022 up RSI(14) fell to 30, into the oversold zone below 30.

Quiet Trend line: slope, length, strength · Trend and waves · reading down

15 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 03 Jul 2023

The most recent hit of Trend line: slope, length, strength on the daily candles completed at Mon 03 Jul 2023, 4 sessions ago, a down reading. It held for 10 sessions, through Mon 04 Sep 2023. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved +17.81% to 4.30.

What the candles did

Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 3.27% per candle with R² 0.85; 15 candles since the high of the window, -50.00% from it, and the last close is still with the line.

Where it stands on the latest candle

Slope -1.19% per candle (down), R² 0.24 (choppy), 19 candles from the window's high, -14.85% from it; the last close is off the line.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The straight-line fit through the last N closes: how steep, how long, how clean. This is the slope/length/strength reading (R6) and a version of the 20-candle rule that fires on a clean run even when one close in the middle dipped.

What followed on this name's own record

After 15 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 5 times of 15 (33%). Median move in the hit's direction -1.13%; best +14.22%, worst -43.40%. Within the window the move typically reached +10.04% in the hit's favour and -7.06% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 20, min_slope_pct = 0.25, min_r2 = 0.8

Fit a least-squares line through the last N closes (x = candle index).
Slope % = slope / mean close × 100, per candle. R² = share of the variance the line explains (1 = a ruler, 0 = chop).
Length = candles since the window's low (for a rising line) or high (falling). Magnitude = % from that extreme to the last close.
Continuing = the last close is on the slope's side of the fitted line, or the last three closes all moved with the slope.
The pattern completes when |slope %| ≥ min_slope_pct and R² ≥ min_r2; consecutive qualifying candles count once, at the first.
Progress always reports the current slope, R², length, magnitude and whether it is continuing.

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 03 Jul 2023 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 3.27% per candle with R² 0.85; 15 candles since the high of the window, -50.00% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Wed 22 Feb 2023 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 1.71% per candle with R² 0.80; 19 candles since the high of the window, -33.33% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Wed 25 Jan 2023 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 0.70% per candle with R² 0.85; 17 candles since the high of the window, -13.59% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Fri 25 Nov 2022 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 1.48% per candle with R² 0.81; 16 candles since the high of the window, -28.57% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Thu 17 Nov 2022 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 0.82% per candle with R² 0.82; 19 candles since the high of the window, -16.39% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Wed 28 Sep 2022 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 0.97% per candle with R² 0.82; 17 candles since the high of the window, -17.33% from it, but the last close has slipped from the line.
Thu 23 Jun 2022 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 0.93% per candle with R² 0.84; 17 candles since the high of the window, -17.20% from it, but the last close has slipped from the line.
Fri 13 May 2022 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 1.32% per candle with R² 0.84; 14 candles since the high of the window, -23.68% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Mon 09 May 2022 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 0.83% per candle with R² 0.80; 19 candles since the high of the window, -17.96% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Wed 23 Feb 2022 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 1.00% per candle with R² 0.90; 18 candles since the high of the window, -16.91% from it, but the last close has slipped from the line.
Tue 30 Nov 2021 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 1.73% per candle with R² 0.86; 15 candles since the high of the window, -31.65% from it, and the last close is still with the line.
Thu 26 Aug 2021 down Over the last 20 candles the fitted line falls 2.53% per candle with R² 0.82; 13 candles since the high of the window, -39.31% from it, and the last close is still with the line.

Quiet Higher highs and higher lows · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

14 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Wed 11 Jan 2023

The most recent hit of Higher highs and higher lows on the daily candles completed at Wed 11 Jan 2023, 67 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -50.00% to 4.30.

What the candles did

2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.60, 8.15, 8.35; highs 8.45, 9.40.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Uptrend structure: each swing high above the last and each swing low above the last. Read as a trend that is still being confirmed by its pullbacks.

What followed on this name's own record

After 14 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 3 times of 14 (21%). Median move in the hit's direction -7.30%; best +42.08%, worst -20.35%. Within the window the move typically reached +2.67% in the hit's favour and -11.09% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · swings = 2, swing_pct = 3

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag: a pivot is confirmed once price has moved swing_pct against it.
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high in the window above the previous swing high, and each swing low above the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot in the window was confirmed.
The last swing low is reported as the level the structure stands on.

The last 12 hits on this name

Wed 11 Jan 2023 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 7.60, 8.15, 8.35; highs 8.45, 9.40.
Mon 12 Dec 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 8.45, 8.55, 8.60; highs 8.95, 9.10.
Wed 07 Dec 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 8.45, 8.55; highs 8.90, 8.95, 9.10.
Mon 05 Dec 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 8.10, 8.45, 8.55; highs 8.90, 8.95.
Wed 14 Sep 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 10.90, 12.00, 12.20; highs 12.65, 14.50.
Wed 07 Sep 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 10.90, 12.00; highs 11.75, 12.65, 14.50.
Fri 07 Jan 2022 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 20.00, 20.05, 20.90; highs 20.90, 22.95.
Thu 14 Oct 2021 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 22.35, 23.60; highs 24.40, 25.95, 26.60.
Wed 02 Jun 2021 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 16.00, 23.70; highs 17.80, 25.80, 26.85.
Tue 01 Jun 2021 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 15.10, 16.00, 23.70; highs 17.80, 25.80.
Mon 31 May 2021 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 15.10, 16.00; highs 16.95, 17.80, 25.80.
Tue 18 May 2021 up 2 higher highs and higher lows on swings of at least 3%: lows 14.70, 15.10, 16.00; highs 16.95, 17.80.

Quiet Bullish engulfing · Multi-candle shapes · reading up

13 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Fri 24 Feb 2023

The most recent hit of Bullish engulfing on the daily candles completed at Fri 24 Feb 2023, 36 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -18.87% to 4.30.

What the candles did

A down candle (5.30→5.05) followed by an up candle (5.00→5.30) whose body covers it, after -17.83% over the 5 candles before.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A down candle followed by an up candle whose body covers it, after a decline. Read as the decline being rejected in one candle.

What followed on this name's own record

After 13 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 3 times of 13 (23%). Median move in the hit's direction -7.29%; best +33.02%, worst -32.67%. Within the window the move typically reached +4.56% in the hit's favour and -13.36% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · context = 5

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes below its open; second closes above its open.
Second's open ≤ first's close and second's close ≥ first's open (its body covers the first's body).
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is negative (set 0 to skip).

The last 12 hits on this name

Fri 24 Feb 2023 up A down candle (5.30→5.05) followed by an up candle (5.00→5.30) whose body covers it, after -17.83% over the 5 candles before.
Fri 03 Feb 2023 up A down candle (7.70→7.60) followed by an up candle (7.60→7.70) whose body covers it, after -3.14% over the 5 candles before.
Tue 31 Jan 2023 up A down candle (7.65→7.55) followed by an up candle (7.50→7.65) whose body covers it, after -6.67% over the 5 candles before.
Thu 29 Dec 2022 up A down candle (8.35→8.25) followed by an up candle (8.20→8.65) whose body covers it, after -4.07% over the 5 candles before.
Mon 26 Dec 2022 up A down candle (8.20→7.90) followed by an up candle (7.60→8.25) whose body covers it, after -4.62% over the 5 candles before.
Wed 02 Nov 2022 up A down candle (11.30→11.00) followed by an up candle (11.00→11.90) whose body covers it, after -5.04% over the 5 candles before.
Tue 27 Sep 2022 up A down candle (11.30→10.95) followed by an up candle (10.70→11.45) whose body covers it, after -5.00% over the 5 candles before.
Wed 14 Sep 2022 up A down candle (12.30→12.25) followed by an up candle (12.25→12.35) whose body covers it, after -9.42% over the 5 candles before.
Mon 06 Jun 2022 up A down candle (13.00→12.95) followed by an up candle (12.95→13.15) whose body covers it, after -3.01% over the 5 candles before.
Mon 07 Feb 2022 up A down candle (19.30→19.20) followed by an up candle (19.20→19.45) whose body covers it, after -5.39% over the 5 candles before.
Thu 05 Aug 2021 up A down candle (33.90→33.80) followed by an up candle (32.70→35.20) whose body covers it, after -1.19% over the 5 candles before.
Fri 16 Jul 2021 up A down candle (35.75→35.25) followed by an up candle (34.55→37.00) whose body covers it, after -9.95% over the 5 candles before.

Quiet N consecutive falling candles · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

12 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 24 Apr 2023

The most recent hit of N consecutive falling candles on the daily candles completed at Mon 24 Apr 2023, 23 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -29.51% to 4.30.

What the candles did

5 consecutive falling closes, from 7.60 to 6.10 (-19.74%).

Where it stands on the latest candle

The last close was not falling; no run under way.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The mirror: every close below the one before it for N candles. Read as sellers in control while it lasts.

What followed on this name's own record

After 12 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 10 times of 12 (83%). Median move in the hit's direction +5.01%; best +37.70%, worst -8.13%. Within the window the move typically reached +13.74% in the hit's favour and -5.22% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 5

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is below the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: the current streak against N.

The last 12 hits on this name

Mon 24 Apr 2023 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 7.60 to 6.10 (-19.74%).
Fri 17 Feb 2023 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 7.50 to 6.15 (-18.00%).
Mon 30 Jan 2023 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 8.25 to 7.55 (-8.48%).
Wed 21 Sep 2022 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 12.35 to 11.65 (-5.67%).
Mon 12 Sep 2022 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 13.85 to 12.50 (-9.75%).
Thu 30 Jun 2022 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 11.55 to 11.10 (-3.90%).
Mon 14 Feb 2022 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 19.45 to 18.05 (-7.20%).
Mon 15 Nov 2021 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 23.70 to 19.50 (-17.72%).
Mon 20 Sep 2021 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 27.60 to 22.75 (-17.57%).
Fri 13 Aug 2021 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 36.25 to 29.00 (-20.00%).
Mon 12 Jul 2021 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 47.95 to 37.20 (-22.42%).
Wed 28 Apr 2021 down 5 consecutive falling closes, from 21.55 to 17.15 (-20.42%).

Quiet Hammer · Single-candle shapes · reading up

11 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 27 Feb 2023

The most recent hit of Hammer on the daily candles completed at Mon 27 Feb 2023, 35 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -22.52% to 4.30.

What the candles did

Lower wick 0.35 is 7.0× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -9.40% over the 5 candles before; low 5.15, close 5.55.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long lower wick and a small body near the top, after a decline: the candle went well below and was pulled back up. Read as a low being rejected.

What followed on this name's own record

After 11 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 5 times of 11 (46%). Median move in the hit's direction -0.60%; best +20.72%, worst -20.95%. Within the window the move typically reached +7.28% in the hit's favour and -13.73% against it. On this name that is a coin toss.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_times = 2, other_wick_pct = 15, context = 5

Lower wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Upper wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is negative (set 0 to skip).
The wick's low is reported as the level rejected.

The last 11 hits on this name

Mon 27 Feb 2023 up Lower wick 0.35 is 7.0× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -9.40% over the 5 candles before; low 5.15, close 5.55.
Thu 18 Aug 2022 up Lower wick 0.45 is 9.0× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -2.88% over the 5 candles before; low 11.30, close 11.75.
Thu 05 May 2022 up Lower wick 0.50 is 2.5× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -4.86% over the 5 candles before; low 13.40, close 13.90.
Wed 20 Apr 2022 up Lower wick 0.50 is 2.5× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -4.13% over the 5 candles before; low 14.60, close 15.10.
Thu 10 Mar 2022 up Lower wick 0.40 is 2.7× the body, the upper wick is 8% of the range, after -2.13% over the 5 candles before; low 16.10, close 16.65.
Fri 17 Dec 2021 up Lower wick 1.10 is 4.4× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -9.94% over the 5 candles before; low 20.50, close 21.85.
Thu 25 Nov 2021 up Lower wick 0.45 is 2.3× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -10.28% over the 5 candles before; low 17.90, close 18.35.
Wed 22 Sep 2021 up Lower wick 0.45 is 4.5× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -8.48% over the 5 candles before; low 24.35, close 24.90.
Thu 02 Sep 2021 up Lower wick 1.10 is 3.1× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -3.64% over the 5 candles before; low 20.25, close 21.35.
Mon 02 Aug 2021 up Lower wick 0.85 is 3.4× the body, the upper wick is 0% of the range, after -8.48% over the 5 candles before; low 34.00, close 34.85.
Tue 20 Jul 2021 up Lower wick 2.45 is 2.0× the body, the upper wick is 1% of the range, after -1.79% over the 5 candles before; low 36.55, close 40.20.

Quiet Bollinger squeeze, then a break · Indicator-based · reading down

8 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Thu 22 Dec 2022

The most recent hit of Bollinger squeeze, then a break on the daily candles completed at Thu 22 Dec 2022, 81 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -47.88% to 4.30.

What the candles did

Closed at 8.25, below the lower band (8.37) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The bands had narrowed to their tightest in a while, then the close left them. Read as a quiet stretch ending.

What followed on this name's own record

After 8 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's own way (up after an up reading, down after a down one) 3 times of 8 (38%). Median move in the hit's direction -1.10%; best +61.30%, worst -11.70%. Within the window the move typically reached +8.66% in the hit's favour and -7.01% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 20, k = 2, squeeze = 60

Compute Bollinger bands: SMA(n) ± k × standard deviation of the last n closes; bandwidth = (upper − lower) / middle.
Squeeze: the smallest bandwidth in the last 6 candles is within 5% of the smallest over the last `squeeze` candles.
The pattern completes on a candle that closes above the upper band having been at or below it the candle before (up), or the mirror below the lower band (down), while squeezed.

The last 8 hits on this name

Thu 22 Dec 2022 down Closed at 8.25, below the lower band (8.37) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Tue 19 Jul 2022 up Closed at 12.50, above the upper band (11.92) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Wed 22 Jun 2022 down Closed at 11.15, below the lower band (11.28) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Mon 28 Mar 2022 down Closed at 14.10, below the lower band (14.23) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Tue 22 Mar 2022 down Closed at 15.20, below the lower band (15.30) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Fri 21 Jan 2022 down Closed at 19.75, below the lower band (19.86) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Mon 25 Oct 2021 down Closed at 21.65, below the lower band (21.74) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.
Thu 17 Jun 2021 up Closed at 27.00, above the upper band (26.86) after the bands had narrowed to their tightest in 60 candles.

Quiet Bearish engulfing · Multi-candle shapes · reading down

8 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Tue 03 Jan 2023

The most recent hit of Bearish engulfing on the daily candles completed at Tue 03 Jan 2023, 73 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -52.49% to 4.30.

What the candles did

An up candle (9.05→9.20) followed by a down candle (9.20→9.05) whose body covers it, after +9.70% over the 5 candles before.

What this pattern is taken to mean

An up candle followed by a down candle whose body covers it, after a rise.

What followed on this name's own record

After 8 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 7 times of 8 (88%). Median move in the hit's direction +4.35%; best +31.55%, worst -46.55%. Within the window the move typically reached +7.80% in the hit's favour and -3.88% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · context = 5

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes above its open; second closes below its open.
Second's open ≥ first's close and second's close ≤ first's open.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is positive (set 0 to skip).

The last 8 hits on this name

Tue 03 Jan 2023 down An up candle (9.05→9.20) followed by a down candle (9.20→9.05) whose body covers it, after +9.70% over the 5 candles before.
Tue 06 Dec 2022 down An up candle (8.90→8.95) followed by a down candle (9.05→8.85) whose body covers it, after +1.74% over the 5 candles before.
Thu 20 Oct 2022 down An up candle (11.95→12.20) followed by a down candle (12.70→11.90) whose body covers it, after +2.78% over the 5 candles before.
Thu 30 Jun 2022 down An up candle (11.10→11.15) followed by a down candle (11.50→11.10) whose body covers it, after +1.35% over the 5 candles before.
Mon 14 Mar 2022 down An up candle (16.65→17.10) followed by a down candle (17.30→16.55) whose body covers it, after +1.83% over the 5 candles before.
Mon 09 Aug 2021 down An up candle (35.90→36.25) followed by a down candle (37.00→34.55) whose body covers it, after +5.23% over the 5 candles before.
Fri 28 May 2021 down An up candle (24.70→24.75) followed by a down candle (24.75→24.40) whose body covers it, after +21.34% over the 5 candles before.
Fri 14 May 2021 down An up candle (16.75→17.00) followed by a down candle (17.40→16.65) whose body covers it, after +0.31% over the 5 candles before.

Quiet Three black crows · Multi-candle shapes · reading down

7 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 20 Feb 2023

The most recent hit of Three black crows on the daily candles completed at Mon 20 Feb 2023, 40 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -26.50% to 4.30.

What the candles did

Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the last body and closing lower (6.45, 6.15, 5.85) with short lower wicks.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing lower, with little lower wick.

What followed on this name's own record

After 7 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 6 times of 7 (86%). Median move in the hit's direction +4.39%; best +17.07%, worst -18.80%. Within the window the move typically reached +11.01% in the hit's favour and -7.69% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles, all closing below their opens.
Each close below the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each lower wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

The last 7 hits on this name

Mon 20 Feb 2023 down Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the last body and closing lower (6.45, 6.15, 5.85) with short lower wicks.
Wed 21 Sep 2022 down Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the last body and closing lower (12.00, 11.85, 11.65) with short lower wicks.
Wed 11 May 2022 down Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the last body and closing lower (13.25, 12.80, 12.30) with short lower wicks.
Mon 15 Nov 2021 down Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the last body and closing lower (21.50, 20.50, 19.50) with short lower wicks.
Fri 12 Nov 2021 down Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the last body and closing lower (22.55, 21.50, 20.50) with short lower wicks.
Tue 19 Oct 2021 down Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the last body and closing lower (24.50, 23.50, 22.70) with short lower wicks.
Thu 29 Jul 2021 down Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the last body and closing lower (35.20, 33.55, 31.90) with short lower wicks.

Quiet Evening star · Multi-candle shapes · reading down

6 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 01 Aug 2022

The most recent hit of Evening star on the daily candles completed at Mon 01 Aug 2022, 177 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -64.17% to 4.30.

What the candles did

A long up candle (11.90→12.35), a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing at 12.00, below the first candle's midpoint 12.12.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long up candle, a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first.

What followed on this name's own record

After 6 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 1 times of 6 (17%). Median move in the hit's direction -11.08%; best +2.08%, worst -24.27%. Within the window the move typically reached +5.34% in the hit's favour and -17.85% against it. On this name it has more often gone the other way.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · small_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles.
First: an up candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first candle's body.

The last 6 hits on this name

Mon 01 Aug 2022 down A long up candle (11.90→12.35), a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing at 12.00, below the first candle's midpoint 12.12.
Thu 24 Feb 2022 down A long up candle (15.70→16.90), a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing at 16.15, below the first candle's midpoint 16.30.
Fri 01 Oct 2021 down A long up candle (22.60→23.75), a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing at 22.90, below the first candle's midpoint 23.18.
Thu 26 Aug 2021 down A long up candle (21.45→23.65), a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing at 22.00, below the first candle's midpoint 22.55.
Mon 07 Jun 2021 down A long up candle (23.50→24.75), a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing at 24.00, below the first candle's midpoint 24.12.
Tue 04 May 2021 down A long up candle (15.50→17.10), a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing at 15.45, below the first candle's midpoint 16.30.

Quiet Shooting star · Single-candle shapes · reading down

5 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 10 Oct 2022

The most recent hit of Shooting star on the daily candles completed at Mon 10 Oct 2022, 132 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -60.73% to 4.30.

What the candles did

Upper wick 0.35 is 7.0× the body, the lower wick is 0% of the range, after +1.81% over the 5 candles before; high 11.35, close 10.95.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long upper wick and a small body near the bottom, after a rise: the candle went well above and was pushed back down. Read as a high being rejected.

What followed on this name's own record

After 5 earlier hits on this name's daily candles, the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 3 times of 5 (60%). Median move in the hit's direction +0.82%; best +30.14%, worst -8.68%. Within the window the move typically reached +10.29% in the hit's favour and -5.38% against it.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_times = 2, other_wick_pct = 15, context = 5

Upper wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Lower wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is positive (set 0 to skip).
The wick's high is reported as the level rejected.

The last 5 hits on this name

Mon 10 Oct 2022 down Upper wick 0.35 is 7.0× the body, the lower wick is 0% of the range, after +1.81% over the 5 candles before; high 11.35, close 10.95.
Fri 12 Aug 2022 down Upper wick 0.60 is 12.0× the body, the lower wick is 7% of the range, after +1.24% over the 5 candles before; high 12.60, close 11.95.
Wed 10 Aug 2022 down Upper wick 0.40 is 2.7× the body, the lower wick is 8% of the range, after +5.83% over the 5 candles before; high 12.70, close 12.15.
Wed 29 Jun 2022 down Upper wick 0.35 is 7.0× the body, the lower wick is 0% of the range, after +1.35% over the 5 candles before; high 11.50, close 11.15.
Tue 10 Aug 2021 down Upper wick 1.85 is 7.4× the body, the lower wick is 0% of the range, after +4.22% over the 5 candles before; high 34.95, close 32.85.

Quiet Impulse wave (five swings, Elliott-style) · Trend and waves · reading down

4 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Fri 25 Nov 2022

The most recent hit of Impulse wave (five swings, Elliott-style) on the daily candles completed at Fri 25 Nov 2022, 100 sessions ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -49.41% to 4.30.

What the candles did

Five swings down: 1 12.05→10.85, 2 back to 11.60 (below where 1 began), 3 to 10.15, 4 back to 10.80 (below the bottom of 1), 5 to 8.10; wave 3 is not the shortest.

Where it stands on the latest candle

Counting down: wave 1 confirmed, wave 2 under way (the current swing has not yet reversed by 4%). Pivots so far 7.95, 2.90, 4.30.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Five alternating swings that obey the three classical impulse rules. A count, not a prophecy: the same swings can be counted more than one way, and this is the plain mechanical reading.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 4 earlier hits on this name's daily candles with 10 sessions after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 1 of 4 times, median move +6.41%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · swing_pct = 4

Find swings with the zigzag at swing_pct.
Take six consecutive confirmed pivots L-H-L-H-L-H (up) or H-L-H-L-H-L (down).
Rule 1: wave 2 does not retrace past the start of wave 1.
Rule 2: wave 3 is not the shortest of waves 1, 3 and 5.
Rule 3: wave 4 does not enter the price territory of wave 1.
Each wave must make progress: 3 beyond 1, 5 beyond 3.
The pattern completes when the sixth pivot is confirmed. Progress reports 'wave 5 under way' when the first five pivots hold and the live swing is the fifth wave.

The last 4 hits on this name

Fri 25 Nov 2022 down Five swings down: 1 12.05→10.85, 2 back to 11.60 (below where 1 began), 3 to 10.15, 4 back to 10.80 (below the bottom of 1), 5 to 8.10; wave 3 is not the shortest.
Fri 13 May 2022 down Five swings down: 1 16.20→14.10, 2 back to 15.60 (below where 1 began), 3 to 13.25, 4 back to 14.00 (below the bottom of 1), 5 to 11.70; wave 3 is not the shortest.
Fri 01 Apr 2022 down Five swings down: 1 17.45→15.55, 2 back to 17.00 (below where 1 began), 3 to 14.20, 4 back to 14.95 (below the bottom of 1), 5 to 12.80; wave 3 is not the shortest.
Wed 02 Jun 2021 up Five swings up: 1 15.10→17.80, 2 back to 16.00 (above where 1 began), 3 to 25.80, 4 back to 23.70 (above the top of 1), 5 to 26.85; wave 3 is not the shortest.

Quiet Morning star · Multi-candle shapes · reading up

3 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Wed 24 Aug 2022

The most recent hit of Morning star on the daily candles completed at Wed 24 Aug 2022, 163 sessions ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -64.02% to 4.30.

What the candles did

A long down candle (11.55→11.20), a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing at 11.95, above the first candle's midpoint 11.38.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long down candle, a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first. Read as a decline stalling and turning.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 3 earlier hits on this name's daily candles with 10 sessions after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 10 sessions later went the hit's way 2 of 3 times, median move +1.56%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · small_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles.
First: a down candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first candle's body.

The last 3 hits on this name

Wed 24 Aug 2022 up A long down candle (11.55→11.20), a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing at 11.95, above the first candle's midpoint 11.38.
Fri 03 Sep 2021 up A long down candle (22.40→21.20), a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing at 22.40, above the first candle's midpoint 21.80.
Thu 05 Aug 2021 up A long down candle (35.00→33.15), a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing at 35.20, above the first candle's midpoint 34.08.

Quiet Cross of a level you set · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up or down

0 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the daily candles on file

Cross of a level you set did not complete anywhere in the 520 daily candles stored for this name (from Fri 12 Mar 2021 to Tue 03 Oct 2023).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The close went through a price you chose. Read however you meant the level.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's daily candles has a full 10 sessions after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · level = 0

Take the level you entered.
The pattern completes on a candle whose close is at or above the level while the previous close was below it (up), or at or below it while the previous close was above (down).
Nothing is reported until a level is set.

Quiet Three white soldiers · Multi-candle shapes · reading up

0 hits in 520 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the daily candles on file

Three white soldiers did not complete anywhere in the 520 daily candles stored for this name (from Fri 12 Mar 2021 to Tue 03 Oct 2023).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Three up candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing higher, with little upper wick.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's daily candles has a full 10 sessions after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles, all closing above their opens.
Each close above the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each upper wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

The library, rule by rule

What each pattern checks, in the order the code checks it, with the parameters and their defaults for daily candles. The "meaning" is the convention the pattern is named for, stated as a convention; whether it held on a given name is what the test above measures.

Runs, breaks and structure

Rules on closes, highs and lows alone. Plain to state, plain to check.

N consecutive rising candles · reading up · any candleA momentum run: every close above the one before it for N candles. The owner's first example. Conventionally read as buyers in control for as long as it lasts.

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is above the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: how long the current streak is against N, and whether the last close is still rising.

n = 5: Consecutive rising closes (N) — The owner's momentum-run example uses 20.

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N consecutive falling candles · reading down · any candleThe mirror: every close below the one before it for N candles. Read as sellers in control while it lasts.

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is below the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: the current streak against N.

n = 5: Consecutive falling closes (N)

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Higher highs and higher lows · reading up · any candleUptrend structure: each swing high above the last and each swing low above the last. Read as a trend that is still being confirmed by its pullbacks.

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag: a pivot is confirmed once price has moved swing_pct against it.
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high in the window above the previous swing high, and each swing low above the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot in the window was confirmed.
The last swing low is reported as the level the structure stands on.

swings = 2: Higher highs / higher lows required
swing_pct = 3: Minimum swing size, % — Smaller on intraday candles.

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Lower highs and lower lows · reading down · any candleDowntrend structure: each swing high below the last and each swing low below the last.

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag (pivot confirmed after a swing_pct move against it).
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high below the previous swing high, and each swing low below the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot was confirmed.
The last swing high is reported as the level the structure hangs from.

swings = 2: Lower highs / lower lows required
swing_pct = 3: Minimum swing size, %

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Gap at the open · reading up or down · any candleThe session opened at least X% away from the previous close. Read as news or flow arriving overnight.

At the first candle of each session, compare its open with the last close of the previous session.
Gap % = open / previous close − 1.
The pattern completes when |gap %| ≥ pct; direction is the gap's sign.
On daily candles this is simply open vs the previous day's close.

pct = 1: Minimum gap, %

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Move of X% within M candles · reading up or down · any candleA fast move: the close is at least X% away from where it was M candles ago. Read as a burst of one-sided flow.

For each candle, take the close M candles earlier.
Move % = close now / close then − 1.
The pattern completes when |move %| ≥ pct; direction is the sign.
Consecutive candles that all qualify in the same direction count once, at the first of them.

pct = 2: Minimum move, %
candles = 3: Within this many candles (M)

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Cross of a level you set · reading up or down · any candleThe close went through a price you chose. Read however you meant the level.

Take the level you entered.
The pattern completes on a candle whose close is at or above the level while the previous close was below it (up), or at or below it while the previous close was above (down).
Nothing is reported until a level is set.

level = 0: Your level, ₹ — Required — leave at 0 and this pattern reports nothing.

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Inside bar, then a breakout · reading up or down · any candleA candle whose whole range sat inside the one before it (a pause), then a close outside the mother candle's range. Read as a pause resolving.

Take three consecutive candles: mother, inside, break.
Inside: its high ≤ mother high and its low ≥ mother low.
The pattern completes when the third candle closes above the mother high (up) or below the mother low (down).

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Indicator-based

Rules on a derived line: moving averages, VWAP, volume, RSI, Bollinger bands.

Moving-average cross · reading up or down · any candleThe faster simple average crossed the slower one. Read as the near-term average price overtaking (or falling behind) the longer one.

Compute SMA(fast) and SMA(slow) of the closes.
The pattern completes on a candle where fast was ≤ slow on the previous candle and is > slow now (up), or ≥ before and < now (down).
fast must be smaller than slow, else nothing is reported.

fast = 9: Fast average, candles
slow = 21: Slow average, candles

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Volume spike · reading up or down · any candleOne candle traded many times the recent average volume. Read as attention arriving; the candle's colour says which way it leaned.

Average the volume of the previous M candles (those that reported one).
The pattern completes when this candle's volume ≥ times × that average.
Direction is the candle's own: up if it closed above its open, down if below, neutral if flat.

times = 3: Multiple of the average
candles = 20: Average over this many candles (M)

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RSI into overbought / oversold · reading up or down · any candleWilder's RSI crossed into the overbought zone (reported as a 'down' observation: stretched) or the oversold zone ('up': washed out).

Compute RSI(n) from the closes (Wilder smoothing).
The pattern completes when RSI moves from below `high` to at or above it (overbought → down), or from above `low` to at or below it (oversold → up).
Only the crossing candle is a hit, not every candle spent inside the zone.

n = 14: RSI length
high = 70: Overbought above
low = 30: Oversold below

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Bollinger squeeze, then a break · reading up or down · any candleThe bands had narrowed to their tightest in a while, then the close left them. Read as a quiet stretch ending.

Compute Bollinger bands: SMA(n) ± k × standard deviation of the last n closes; bandwidth = (upper − lower) / middle.
Squeeze: the smallest bandwidth in the last 6 candles is within 5% of the smallest over the last `squeeze` candles.
The pattern completes on a candle that closes above the upper band having been at or below it the candle before (up), or the mirror below the lower band (down), while squeezed.

n = 20: Band length
k = 2: Standard deviations
squeeze = 60: Tightest in this many candles

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Trend and waves

The fitted trend line and the swing count. A wave count is a reading of the swings, not a prophecy.

Trend line: slope, length, strength · reading up or down · any candleThe straight-line fit through the last N closes: how steep, how long, how clean. This is the slope/length/strength reading (R6) and a version of the 20-candle rule that fires on a clean run even when one close in the middle dipped.

Fit a least-squares line through the last N closes (x = candle index).
Slope % = slope / mean close × 100, per candle. R² = share of the variance the line explains (1 = a ruler, 0 = chop).
Length = candles since the window's low (for a rising line) or high (falling). Magnitude = % from that extreme to the last close.
Continuing = the last close is on the slope's side of the fitted line, or the last three closes all moved with the slope.
The pattern completes when |slope %| ≥ min_slope_pct and R² ≥ min_r2; consecutive qualifying candles count once, at the first.
Progress always reports the current slope, R², length, magnitude and whether it is continuing.

n = 20: Candles in the fit (N)
min_slope_pct = 0.25: Minimum slope, % per candle
min_r2 = 0.8: Minimum R²

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Impulse wave (five swings, Elliott-style) · reading up or down · any candleFive alternating swings that obey the three classical impulse rules. A count, not a prophecy: the same swings can be counted more than one way, and this is the plain mechanical reading.

Find swings with the zigzag at swing_pct.
Take six consecutive confirmed pivots L-H-L-H-L-H (up) or H-L-H-L-H-L (down).
Rule 1: wave 2 does not retrace past the start of wave 1.
Rule 2: wave 3 is not the shortest of waves 1, 3 and 5.
Rule 3: wave 4 does not enter the price territory of wave 1.
Each wave must make progress: 3 beyond 1, 5 beyond 3.
The pattern completes when the sixth pivot is confirmed. Progress reports 'wave 5 under way' when the first five pivots hold and the live swing is the fifth wave.

swing_pct = 4: Minimum swing size, %

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Multi-candle shapes

Two- and three-candle shapes from the classical catalogue.

Bullish engulfing · reading up · any candleA down candle followed by an up candle whose body covers it, after a decline. Read as the decline being rejected in one candle.

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes below its open; second closes above its open.
Second's open ≤ first's close and second's close ≥ first's open (its body covers the first's body).
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is negative (set 0 to skip).

context = 5: Decline measured over this many candles before

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Bearish engulfing · reading down · any candleAn up candle followed by a down candle whose body covers it, after a rise.

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes above its open; second closes below its open.
Second's open ≥ first's close and second's close ≤ first's open.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is positive (set 0 to skip).

context = 5: Rise measured over this many candles before

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Morning star · reading up · any candleA long down candle, a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first. Read as a decline stalling and turning.

Take three consecutive candles.
First: a down candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first candle's body.

small_pct = 30: Middle candle body, % of the first's

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Evening star · reading down · any candleA long up candle, a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first.

Take three consecutive candles.
First: an up candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first candle's body.

small_pct = 30: Middle candle body, % of the first's

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Three white soldiers · reading up · any candleThree up candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing higher, with little upper wick.

Take three consecutive candles, all closing above their opens.
Each close above the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each upper wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

wick_pct = 30: Maximum upper wick, % of body

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Three black crows · reading down · any candleThree down candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing lower, with little lower wick.

Take three consecutive candles, all closing below their opens.
Each close below the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each lower wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

wick_pct = 30: Maximum lower wick, % of body

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Single-candle shapes

One candle's body and wicks. Weak on their own; shown with what followed on this name.

Doji · reading neutral · any candleOpen and close almost equal: the candle ranged but ended where it began. Read as indecision.

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≤ body_pct of the range.

body_pct = 10: Body no more than this % of the range

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Hammer · reading up · any candleA long lower wick and a small body near the top, after a decline: the candle went well below and was pulled back up. Read as a low being rejected.

Lower wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Upper wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is negative (set 0 to skip).
The wick's low is reported as the level rejected.

wick_times = 2: Lower wick at least this many × body
other_wick_pct = 15: Upper wick at most this % of range
context = 5: Decline measured over this many candles before

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Shooting star · reading down · any candleA long upper wick and a small body near the bottom, after a rise: the candle went well above and was pushed back down. Read as a high being rejected.

Upper wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Lower wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is positive (set 0 to skip).
The wick's high is reported as the level rejected.

wick_times = 2: Upper wick at least this many × body
other_wick_pct = 15: Lower wick at most this % of range
context = 5: Rise measured over this many candles before

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Marubozu · reading up or down · any candleAlmost no wicks: the candle opened at one end of its range and closed at the other. Read as one side in control for the whole candle.

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≥ body_pct of the range.
Direction is the candle's colour.

body_pct = 90: Body at least this % of the range

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Indicator definitions: SMA(n) is the mean of the last n closes. RSI(n) is Wilder's — average gain over average loss, smoothed by (previous × (n−1) + now) / n. ATR(n) is the Wilder-smoothed mean of the true range. Bollinger bands are SMA(n) ± k standard deviations of the same n closes. VWAP is Σ(typical price × volume) / Σ volume within the session, typical price = (high + low + close) / 3. The trend line is ordinary least squares on close against candle index. Swings come from a zigzag that confirms a pivot once price has moved the swing size against it.