Patterns

Every pattern here is a rule over stored candles, written out step by step below. Pick a name and a candle size, then one pattern to test — or let the library look for anything in progress. A hit is an observation of what the candles just did; what followed the earlier hits on the same name is counted and shown beside it, every hit included. For what the candles in progress say about the coming hours and days, open the outlook; to be told when a pattern completes, sign in and tap Alert me on any card.

Test a name

Company or symbol Candle Pattern or wave Judge after candles

Defaults shown are for 15-minute candles; change the candle size and re-test to see that size's defaults. Intraday candles exist only for names on a reader's watchlist, from the day they were added; daily candles go back to 2021.

City Union Bank Ltd. · CUB · 15-minute candles

25 candles on file from 2026-09-21 09:15 as of Mon 21 Sep, 15:15 IST last close ₹233.10 judged 8 candles after each hit the outlook for the coming hours and days →

In progress now Marubozu · down · Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST In progress now Break of the session high / low · down · Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST In progress now Move of X% within M candles · down · Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST In progress now RSI into overbought / oversold · up · Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST Just hit VWAP cross · down · Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:00 IST Just hit Doji · neutral · Mon 21 Sep 2026, 14:30 IST Just hit Volume spike · down · Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:00 IST Just hit Shooting star · down · Mon 21 Sep 2026, 14:45 IST Building N consecutive falling candles · down · 3 of 5 Building Impulse wave (five swings, Elliott-style) · down · wave 3 under way

The candles, with the hits marked

last 25 of 25 · shaded = the formation · triangle = the candle it completed on · dashed = a level the latest hit named

In progress now Marubozu · Single-candle shapes · reading down

2 hits in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit on the latest 15-minute candle — Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST

Marubozu completed on the candle that closed at Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST, a down reading. That is the newest candle on file, so this is in progress now.

What the candles did

Body 2.14 is 98% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (235.24→233.10).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Almost no wicks: the candle opened at one end of its range and closed at the other. Read as one side in control for the whole candle.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 1 earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles with 8 candles after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 8 candles later went the hit's way 0 of 1 times, median move -0.11%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · body_pct = 90

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≥ body_pct of the range.
Direction is the candle's colour.

The last 2 hits on this name

Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST down Body 2.14 is 98% of the range: opened near the high and closed near the low (235.24→233.10).
Mon 21 Sep 2026, 11:30 IST up Body 1.33 is 91% of the range: opened near the low and closed near the high (234.19→235.52).

In progress now Break of the session high / low · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

1 hit in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit on the latest 15-minute candle — Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST

Break of the session high / low completed on the candle that closed at Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST, a down reading. That is the newest candle on file, so this is in progress now.

What the candles did

Closed at 233.10, below the session low of 234.05 that had stood for 16 candles.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A close above a session high that had stood for a while (or below a session low). Read as the day extending its range.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · settle = 6

Within each session, track the highest high and lowest low so far, and the candle that set each.
The pattern completes on a close above that high (up) or below that low (down), provided the level had stood for at least `settle` candles.
The `settle` wait is what separates a break from an ordinary continuation to a fresh high.
The level then moves to the new extreme and the search continues, so a session can give more than one hit.

The last 1 hit on this name

Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST down Closed at 233.10, below the session low of 234.05 that had stood for 16 candles.

In progress now Move of X% within M candles · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

1 hit in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit on the latest 15-minute candle — Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST

Move of X% within M candles completed on the candle that closed at Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST, a down reading. That is the newest candle on file, so this is in progress now.

What the candles did

-1.21% in the last 3 candles, 235.95 to 233.10.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A fast move: the close is at least X% away from where it was M candles ago. Read as a burst of one-sided flow.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · pct = 1, candles = 3

For each candle, take the close M candles earlier.
Move % = close now / close then − 1.
The pattern completes when |move %| ≥ pct; direction is the sign.
Consecutive candles that all qualify in the same direction count once, at the first of them.

The last 1 hit on this name

Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST down -1.21% in the last 3 candles, 235.95 to 233.10.

In progress now RSI into overbought / oversold · Indicator-based · reading up

1 hit in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit on the latest 15-minute candle — Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST

RSI into overbought / oversold completed on the candle that closed at Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST, an up reading. That is the newest candle on file, so this is in progress now.

What the candles did

RSI(14) fell to 29, into the oversold zone below 30.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Wilder's RSI crossed into the overbought zone (reported as a 'down' observation: stretched) or the oversold zone ('up': washed out).

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 14, high = 70, low = 30

Compute RSI(n) from the closes (Wilder smoothing).
The pattern completes when RSI moves from below `high` to at or above it (overbought → down), or from above `low` to at or below it (oversold → up).
Only the crossing candle is a hit, not every candle spent inside the zone.

The last 1 hit on this name

Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST up RSI(14) fell to 29, into the oversold zone below 30.

Just hit VWAP cross · Indicator-based · reading down

6 hits in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit 1 candle ago — Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:00 IST

VWAP cross completed on the 15-minute candle of Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:00 IST, a down reading, 1 candle before the latest one (which closed at Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST at 233.10). Since the hit the close has moved -0.91%.

What the candles did

Closed at 235.25, below the session VWAP of 235.61 after being above it.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The close crossed the session's volume-weighted average price. Read as price moving to the other side of where the day's volume has traded.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 4 earlier hits on this name's 15-minute candles with 8 candles after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 8 candles later went the hit's way 0 of 4 times, median move +0.03%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked

Compute the session VWAP: cumulative Σ(typical price × volume) / Σ volume, typical price = (high + low + close) / 3, reset at each session's first candle.
The pattern completes on a candle whose close is above VWAP while the previous close was at or below it (up), or the reverse (down).
Candles without volume from the feed are skipped.

The last 6 hits on this name

Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:00 IST down Closed at 235.25, below the session VWAP of 235.61 after being above it.
Mon 21 Sep 2026, 13:45 IST up Closed at 235.60, above the session VWAP of 235.60 after being below it.
Mon 21 Sep 2026, 12:45 IST down Closed at 235.42, below the session VWAP of 235.62 after being above it.
Mon 21 Sep 2026, 12:15 IST up Closed at 236.20, above the session VWAP of 235.55 after being below it.
Mon 21 Sep 2026, 11:45 IST down Closed at 234.99, below the session VWAP of 235.46 after being above it.
Mon 21 Sep 2026, 11:30 IST up Closed at 235.52, above the session VWAP of 235.49 after being below it.

Just hit Doji · Single-candle shapes · reading neutral

6 hits in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit 3 candles ago — Mon 21 Sep 2026, 14:30 IST

Doji completed on the 15-minute candle of Mon 21 Sep 2026, 14:30 IST, a neutral reading, 3 candles before the latest one (which closed at Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST at 233.10). Since the hit the close has moved -1.21%.

What the candles did

Body 0.01 is 3% of the 0.38 range: open 235.94, close 235.95, high 235.95, low 235.57.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Open and close almost equal: the candle ranged but ended where it began. Read as indecision.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 4 earlier hits on this name's 15-minute candles with 8 candles after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 8 candles later was higher 1 of 4 times, median move -0.51%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · body_pct = 10

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≤ body_pct of the range.

The last 6 hits on this name

Mon 21 Sep 2026, 14:30 IST neutral Body 0.01 is 3% of the 0.38 range: open 235.94, close 235.95, high 235.95, low 235.57.
Mon 21 Sep 2026, 14:00 IST neutral Body 0.01 is 4% of the 0.23 range: open 235.61, close 235.62, high 235.65, low 235.42.
Mon 21 Sep 2026, 13:15 IST neutral Body 0.03 is 7% of the 0.42 range: open 235.53, close 235.50, high 235.65, low 235.23.
Mon 21 Sep 2026, 12:30 IST neutral Body 0.02 is 3% of the 0.67 range: open 236.22, close 236.24, high 236.50, low 235.83.
Mon 21 Sep 2026, 10:15 IST neutral Body 0.00 is 0% of the 0.35 range: open 234.72, close 234.72, high 235.00, low 234.65.
Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST neutral Body 0.10 is 4% of the 2.58 range: open 236.10, close 236.20, high 237.74, low 235.16.

Just hit Volume spike · Indicator-based · reading down

1 hit in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit 1 candle ago — Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:00 IST

Volume spike completed on the 15-minute candle of Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:00 IST, a down reading, 1 candle before the latest one (which closed at Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST at 233.10). Since the hit the close has moved -0.91%.

What the candles did

Volume 3.2× the average of the previous 20 candles (93,393 vs 28,962), on a down candle.

What this pattern is taken to mean

One candle traded many times the recent average volume. Read as attention arriving; the candle's colour says which way it leaned.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · times = 3, candles = 20

Average the volume of the previous M candles (those that reported one).
The pattern completes when this candle's volume ≥ times × that average.
Direction is the candle's own: up if it closed above its open, down if below, neutral if flat.

The last 1 hit on this name

Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:00 IST down Volume 3.2× the average of the previous 20 candles (93,393 vs 28,962), on a down candle.

Just hit Shooting star · Single-candle shapes · reading down

1 hit in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Hit 2 candles ago — Mon 21 Sep 2026, 14:45 IST

Shooting star completed on the 15-minute candle of Mon 21 Sep 2026, 14:45 IST, a down reading, 2 candles before the latest one (which closed at Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST at 233.10). Since the hit the close has moved -1.16%.

What the candles did

Upper wick 0.35 is 5.0× the body, the lower wick is 5% of the range, after +0.29% over the 5 candles before; high 236.25, close 235.83.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long upper wick and a small body near the bottom, after a rise: the candle went well above and was pushed back down. Read as a high being rejected.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_times = 2, other_wick_pct = 15, context = 5

Upper wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Lower wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is positive (set 0 to skip).
The wick's high is reported as the level rejected.

The last 1 hit on this name

Mon 21 Sep 2026, 14:45 IST down Upper wick 0.35 is 5.0× the body, the lower wick is 5% of the range, after +0.29% over the 5 candles before; high 236.25, close 235.83.

Building N consecutive falling candles · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

0 hits in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

N consecutive falling candles did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

Where it stands on the latest candle

3 falling closes in a row so far (-1.21%); the rule wants 5.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The mirror: every close below the one before it for N candles. Read as sellers in control while it lasts.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 5

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is below the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: the current streak against N.

Building Impulse wave (five swings, Elliott-style) · Trend and waves · reading down

0 hits in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

Impulse wave (five swings, Elliott-style) did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

Where it stands on the latest candle

Counting down: waves 1–2 confirmed, wave 3 under way (the current swing has not yet reversed by 0.75%). Pivots so far 237.74, 234.05, 236.58, 233.10.

What this pattern is taken to mean

Five alternating swings that obey the three classical impulse rules. A count, not a prophecy: the same swings can be counted more than one way, and this is the plain mechanical reading.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · swing_pct = 0.75

Find swings with the zigzag at swing_pct.
Take six consecutive confirmed pivots L-H-L-H-L-H (up) or H-L-H-L-H-L (down).
Rule 1: wave 2 does not retrace past the start of wave 1.
Rule 2: wave 3 is not the shortest of waves 1, 3 and 5.
Rule 3: wave 4 does not enter the price territory of wave 1.
Each wave must make progress: 3 beyond 1, 5 beyond 3.
The pattern completes when the sixth pivot is confirmed. Progress reports 'wave 5 under way' when the first five pivots hold and the live swing is the fifth wave.

Quiet Inside bar, then a breakout · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

3 hits in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 21 Sep 2026, 14:15 IST

The most recent hit of Inside bar, then a breakout on the 15-minute candles completed at Mon 21 Sep 2026, 14:15 IST, 4 candles ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -1.16% to 233.10.

What the candles did

An inside candle (235.42–235.65) within the one before it (235.13–235.69), then a close at 235.83 above that range.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A candle whose whole range sat inside the one before it (a pause), then a close outside the mother candle's range. Read as a pause resolving.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 2 earlier hits on this name's 15-minute candles with 8 candles after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 8 candles later went the hit's way 1 of 2 times, median move -0.11%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked

Take three consecutive candles: mother, inside, break.
Inside: its high ≤ mother high and its low ≥ mother low.
The pattern completes when the third candle closes above the mother high (up) or below the mother low (down).

The last 3 hits on this name

Mon 21 Sep 2026, 14:15 IST up An inside candle (235.42–235.65) within the one before it (235.13–235.69), then a close at 235.83 above that range.
Mon 21 Sep 2026, 12:15 IST up An inside candle (234.97–235.39) within the one before it (234.66–235.53), then a close at 236.20 above that range.
Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:45 IST down An inside candle (235.55–236.31) within the one before it (235.16–237.74), then a close at 235.14 below that range.

Quiet Opening range breakout · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

1 hit in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:45 IST

The most recent hit of Opening range breakout on the 15-minute candles completed at Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:45 IST, 22 candles ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -0.87% to 233.10.

What the candles did

Closed at 235.14, below the first 15 minutes' low of 235.16 (range 235.16–237.74).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The first minutes of the session set a range; the first close outside it is the breakout. Read as the day picking a direction.

What followed on this name's own record

Only 1 earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles with 8 candles after them — too few to say what usually follows. For what it is worth: the close 8 candles later went the hit's way 1 of 1 times, median move -0.06%.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · minutes = 15

For each session, take the candles inside the first `minutes` minutes from 09:15.
Opening range = highest high and lowest low of those candles.
From the first candle after the range, the pattern completes on the first close above the range high (up) or below the range low (down).
One hit per session, whichever side breaks first.

The last 1 hit on this name

Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:45 IST down Closed at 235.14, below the first 15 minutes' low of 235.16 (range 235.16–237.74).

Quiet Bearish engulfing · Multi-candle shapes · reading down

1 hit in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 21 Sep 2026, 12:45 IST

The most recent hit of Bearish engulfing on the 15-minute candles completed at Mon 21 Sep 2026, 12:45 IST, 10 candles ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -0.99% to 233.10.

What the candles did

An up candle (236.22→236.24) followed by a down candle (236.24→235.42) whose body covers it, after +0.91% over the 5 candles before.

What this pattern is taken to mean

An up candle followed by a down candle whose body covers it, after a rise.

What followed on this name's own record

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · context = 5

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes above its open; second closes below its open.
Second's open ≥ first's close and second's close ≤ first's open.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is positive (set 0 to skip).

The last 1 hit on this name

Mon 21 Sep 2026, 12:45 IST down An up candle (236.22→236.24) followed by a down candle (236.24→235.42) whose body covers it, after +0.91% over the 5 candles before.

Quiet Evening star · Multi-candle shapes · reading down

1 hit in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 21 Sep 2026, 12:45 IST

The most recent hit of Evening star on the 15-minute candles completed at Mon 21 Sep 2026, 12:45 IST, 10 candles ago, a down reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -0.99% to 233.10.

What the candles did

A long up candle (235.35→236.20), a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing at 235.42, below the first candle's midpoint 235.77.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long up candle, a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first.

What followed on this name's own record

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · small_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles.
First: an up candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first candle's body.

The last 1 hit on this name

Mon 21 Sep 2026, 12:45 IST down A long up candle (235.35→236.20), a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing at 235.42, below the first candle's midpoint 235.77.

Quiet Hammer · Single-candle shapes · reading up

1 hit in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Last seen Mon 21 Sep 2026, 10:30 IST

The most recent hit of Hammer on the 15-minute candles completed at Mon 21 Sep 2026, 10:30 IST, 19 candles ago, an up reading. It is not in progress now. Since then the close has moved -0.69% to 233.10.

What the candles did

Lower wick 0.34 is 4.9× the body, the upper wick is 5% of the range, after -0.63% over the 5 candles before; low 234.37, close 234.71.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long lower wick and a small body near the top, after a decline: the candle went well below and was pulled back up. Read as a low being rejected.

What followed on this name's own record

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_times = 2, other_wick_pct = 15, context = 5

Lower wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Upper wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is negative (set 0 to skip).
The wick's low is reported as the level rejected.

The last 1 hit on this name

Mon 21 Sep 2026, 10:30 IST up Lower wick 0.34 is 4.9× the body, the upper wick is 5% of the range, after -0.63% over the 5 candles before; low 234.37, close 234.71.

Quiet N consecutive rising candles · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

0 hits in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

N consecutive rising candles did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

Where it stands on the latest candle

The last close was not rising; no run under way.

What this pattern is taken to mean

A momentum run: every close above the one before it for N candles. The owner's first example. Conventionally read as buyers in control for as long as it lasts.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 5

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is above the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: how long the current streak is against N, and whether the last close is still rising.

Quiet Higher highs and higher lows · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up

0 hits in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

Higher highs and higher lows did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Uptrend structure: each swing high above the last and each swing low above the last. Read as a trend that is still being confirmed by its pullbacks.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · swings = 2, swing_pct = 0.75

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag: a pivot is confirmed once price has moved swing_pct against it.
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high in the window above the previous swing high, and each swing low above the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot in the window was confirmed.
The last swing low is reported as the level the structure stands on.

Quiet Lower highs and lower lows · Runs, breaks and structure · reading down

0 hits in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

Lower highs and lower lows did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Downtrend structure: each swing high below the last and each swing low below the last.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · swings = 2, swing_pct = 0.75

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag (pivot confirmed after a swing_pct move against it).
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high below the previous swing high, and each swing low below the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot was confirmed.
The last swing high is reported as the level the structure hangs from.

Quiet Break of the previous session's high / low · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up or down

0 hits in 25 candles · test this one alone Sign in to be alerted

Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

Break of the previous session's high / low did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The first close of a session above yesterday's high (or below yesterday's low). Read as the day leaving yesterday's range.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked

For each session after the first on file, take the previous session's highest high and lowest low.
The pattern completes on the first close above the previous high (up), and separately on the first close below the previous low (down).
At most one hit per side per session.

Quiet Gap at the open · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up or down

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Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

Gap at the open did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The session opened at least X% away from the previous close. Read as news or flow arriving overnight.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · pct = 1

At the first candle of each session, compare its open with the last close of the previous session.
Gap % = open / previous close − 1.
The pattern completes when |gap %| ≥ pct; direction is the gap's sign.
On daily candles this is simply open vs the previous day's close.

Quiet Cross of a level you set · Runs, breaks and structure · reading up or down

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Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

Cross of a level you set did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The close went through a price you chose. Read however you meant the level.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · level = 0

Take the level you entered.
The pattern completes on a candle whose close is at or above the level while the previous close was below it (up), or at or below it while the previous close was above (down).
Nothing is reported until a level is set.

Quiet Moving-average cross · Indicator-based · reading up or down

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Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

Moving-average cross did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The faster simple average crossed the slower one. Read as the near-term average price overtaking (or falling behind) the longer one.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · fast = 9, slow = 21

Compute SMA(fast) and SMA(slow) of the closes.
The pattern completes on a candle where fast was ≤ slow on the previous candle and is > slow now (up), or ≥ before and < now (down).
fast must be smaller than slow, else nothing is reported.

Quiet Bollinger squeeze, then a break · Indicator-based · reading up or down

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Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

Bollinger squeeze, then a break did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

The bands had narrowed to their tightest in a while, then the close left them. Read as a quiet stretch ending.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 20, k = 2, squeeze = 60

Compute Bollinger bands: SMA(n) ± k × standard deviation of the last n closes; bandwidth = (upper − lower) / middle.
Squeeze: the smallest bandwidth in the last 6 candles is within 5% of the smallest over the last `squeeze` candles.
The pattern completes on a candle that closes above the upper band having been at or below it the candle before (up), or the mirror below the lower band (down), while squeezed.

Quiet Trend line: slope, length, strength · Trend and waves · reading up or down

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Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

Trend line: slope, length, strength did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

Where it stands on the latest candle

Slope +0.01% per candle (up), R² 0.05 (choppy), 0 candles from the window's low, +0.00% from it; the last close is off the line.

What this pattern is taken to mean

The straight-line fit through the last N closes: how steep, how long, how clean. This is the slope/length/strength reading (R6) and a version of the 20-candle rule that fires on a clean run even when one close in the middle dipped.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · n = 20, min_slope_pct = 0.08, min_r2 = 0.8

Fit a least-squares line through the last N closes (x = candle index).
Slope % = slope / mean close × 100, per candle. R² = share of the variance the line explains (1 = a ruler, 0 = chop).
Length = candles since the window's low (for a rising line) or high (falling). Magnitude = % from that extreme to the last close.
Continuing = the last close is on the slope's side of the fitted line, or the last three closes all moved with the slope.
The pattern completes when |slope %| ≥ min_slope_pct and R² ≥ min_r2; consecutive qualifying candles count once, at the first.
Progress always reports the current slope, R², length, magnitude and whether it is continuing.

Quiet Bullish engulfing · Multi-candle shapes · reading up

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Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

Bullish engulfing did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

A down candle followed by an up candle whose body covers it, after a decline. Read as the decline being rejected in one candle.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · context = 5

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes below its open; second closes above its open.
Second's open ≤ first's close and second's close ≥ first's open (its body covers the first's body).
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is negative (set 0 to skip).

Quiet Morning star · Multi-candle shapes · reading up

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Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

Morning star did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

A long down candle, a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first. Read as a decline stalling and turning.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · small_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles.
First: a down candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first candle's body.

Quiet Three white soldiers · Multi-candle shapes · reading up

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Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

Three white soldiers did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Three up candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing higher, with little upper wick.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles, all closing above their opens.
Each close above the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each upper wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

Quiet Three black crows · Multi-candle shapes · reading down

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Not seen on the 15-minute candles on file

Three black crows did not complete anywhere in the 25 15-minute candles stored for this name (from Mon 21 Sep 2026, 09:15 IST to Mon 21 Sep 2026, 15:15 IST).

What this pattern is taken to mean

Three down candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing lower, with little lower wick.

What followed on this name's own record

No earlier hit on this name's 15-minute candles has a full 8 candles after it yet, so there is nothing to count.

An observation from stored candles, not advice. Nothing here is a forecast; the decision, and the risk, are yours.

The rule, exactly as checked · wick_pct = 30

Take three consecutive candles, all closing below their opens.
Each close below the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each lower wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

The library, rule by rule

What each pattern checks, in the order the code checks it, with the parameters and their defaults for 15-minute candles. The "meaning" is the convention the pattern is named for, stated as a convention; whether it held on a given name is what the test above measures.

Runs, breaks and structure

Rules on closes, highs and lows alone. Plain to state, plain to check.

N consecutive rising candles · reading up · any candleA momentum run: every close above the one before it for N candles. The owner's first example. Conventionally read as buyers in control for as long as it lasts.

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is above the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: how long the current streak is against N, and whether the last close is still rising.

n = 5: Consecutive rising closes (N) — The owner's momentum-run example uses 20.

Test this pattern on CUB

N consecutive falling candles · reading down · any candleThe mirror: every close below the one before it for N candles. Read as sellers in control while it lasts.

Walk the candles in order.
Count a streak: +1 when this close is below the previous close, back to 0 otherwise.
The pattern completes on the candle where the streak first reaches N.
Report the move from the close before the run to the close that completed it.
Progress: the current streak against N.

n = 5: Consecutive falling closes (N)

Test this pattern on CUB

Higher highs and higher lows · reading up · any candleUptrend structure: each swing high above the last and each swing low above the last. Read as a trend that is still being confirmed by its pullbacks.

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag: a pivot is confirmed once price has moved swing_pct against it.
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high in the window above the previous swing high, and each swing low above the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot in the window was confirmed.
The last swing low is reported as the level the structure stands on.

swings = 2: Higher highs / higher lows required
swing_pct = 0.75: Minimum swing size, % — Smaller on intraday candles.

Test this pattern on CUB

Lower highs and lower lows · reading down · any candleDowntrend structure: each swing high below the last and each swing low below the last.

Find swing highs and lows with the zigzag (pivot confirmed after a swing_pct move against it).
Take every window of 2×swings+1 consecutive confirmed pivots.
Require each swing high below the previous swing high, and each swing low below the previous swing low.
The pattern completes on the candle where the last pivot was confirmed.
The last swing high is reported as the level the structure hangs from.

swings = 2: Lower highs / lower lows required
swing_pct = 0.75: Minimum swing size, %

Test this pattern on CUB

Opening range breakout · reading up or down · intraday candles onlyThe first minutes of the session set a range; the first close outside it is the breakout. Read as the day picking a direction.

For each session, take the candles inside the first `minutes` minutes from 09:15.
Opening range = highest high and lowest low of those candles.
From the first candle after the range, the pattern completes on the first close above the range high (up) or below the range low (down).
One hit per session, whichever side breaks first.

minutes = 15: Opening range length, minutes

Test this pattern on CUB

Break of the session high / low · reading up or down · intraday candles onlyA close above a session high that had stood for a while (or below a session low). Read as the day extending its range.

Within each session, track the highest high and lowest low so far, and the candle that set each.
The pattern completes on a close above that high (up) or below that low (down), provided the level had stood for at least `settle` candles.
The `settle` wait is what separates a break from an ordinary continuation to a fresh high.
The level then moves to the new extreme and the search continues, so a session can give more than one hit.

settle = 6: Candles the level must have stood for

Test this pattern on CUB

Break of the previous session's high / low · reading up or down · intraday candles onlyThe first close of a session above yesterday's high (or below yesterday's low). Read as the day leaving yesterday's range.

For each session after the first on file, take the previous session's highest high and lowest low.
The pattern completes on the first close above the previous high (up), and separately on the first close below the previous low (down).
At most one hit per side per session.

Test this pattern on CUB

Gap at the open · reading up or down · any candleThe session opened at least X% away from the previous close. Read as news or flow arriving overnight.

At the first candle of each session, compare its open with the last close of the previous session.
Gap % = open / previous close − 1.
The pattern completes when |gap %| ≥ pct; direction is the gap's sign.
On daily candles this is simply open vs the previous day's close.

pct = 1: Minimum gap, %

Test this pattern on CUB

Move of X% within M candles · reading up or down · any candleA fast move: the close is at least X% away from where it was M candles ago. Read as a burst of one-sided flow.

For each candle, take the close M candles earlier.
Move % = close now / close then − 1.
The pattern completes when |move %| ≥ pct; direction is the sign.
Consecutive candles that all qualify in the same direction count once, at the first of them.

pct = 1: Minimum move, %
candles = 3: Within this many candles (M)

Test this pattern on CUB

Cross of a level you set · reading up or down · any candleThe close went through a price you chose. Read however you meant the level.

Take the level you entered.
The pattern completes on a candle whose close is at or above the level while the previous close was below it (up), or at or below it while the previous close was above (down).
Nothing is reported until a level is set.

level = 0: Your level, ₹ — Required — leave at 0 and this pattern reports nothing.

Test this pattern on CUB

Inside bar, then a breakout · reading up or down · any candleA candle whose whole range sat inside the one before it (a pause), then a close outside the mother candle's range. Read as a pause resolving.

Take three consecutive candles: mother, inside, break.
Inside: its high ≤ mother high and its low ≥ mother low.
The pattern completes when the third candle closes above the mother high (up) or below the mother low (down).

Test this pattern on CUB

Indicator-based

Rules on a derived line: moving averages, VWAP, volume, RSI, Bollinger bands.

Moving-average cross · reading up or down · any candleThe faster simple average crossed the slower one. Read as the near-term average price overtaking (or falling behind) the longer one.

Compute SMA(fast) and SMA(slow) of the closes.
The pattern completes on a candle where fast was ≤ slow on the previous candle and is > slow now (up), or ≥ before and < now (down).
fast must be smaller than slow, else nothing is reported.

fast = 9: Fast average, candles
slow = 21: Slow average, candles

Test this pattern on CUB

VWAP cross · reading up or down · intraday candles onlyThe close crossed the session's volume-weighted average price. Read as price moving to the other side of where the day's volume has traded.

Compute the session VWAP: cumulative Σ(typical price × volume) / Σ volume, typical price = (high + low + close) / 3, reset at each session's first candle.
The pattern completes on a candle whose close is above VWAP while the previous close was at or below it (up), or the reverse (down).
Candles without volume from the feed are skipped.

Test this pattern on CUB

Volume spike · reading up or down · any candleOne candle traded many times the recent average volume. Read as attention arriving; the candle's colour says which way it leaned.

Average the volume of the previous M candles (those that reported one).
The pattern completes when this candle's volume ≥ times × that average.
Direction is the candle's own: up if it closed above its open, down if below, neutral if flat.

times = 3: Multiple of the average
candles = 20: Average over this many candles (M)

Test this pattern on CUB

RSI into overbought / oversold · reading up or down · any candleWilder's RSI crossed into the overbought zone (reported as a 'down' observation: stretched) or the oversold zone ('up': washed out).

Compute RSI(n) from the closes (Wilder smoothing).
The pattern completes when RSI moves from below `high` to at or above it (overbought → down), or from above `low` to at or below it (oversold → up).
Only the crossing candle is a hit, not every candle spent inside the zone.

n = 14: RSI length
high = 70: Overbought above
low = 30: Oversold below

Test this pattern on CUB

Bollinger squeeze, then a break · reading up or down · any candleThe bands had narrowed to their tightest in a while, then the close left them. Read as a quiet stretch ending.

Compute Bollinger bands: SMA(n) ± k × standard deviation of the last n closes; bandwidth = (upper − lower) / middle.
Squeeze: the smallest bandwidth in the last 6 candles is within 5% of the smallest over the last `squeeze` candles.
The pattern completes on a candle that closes above the upper band having been at or below it the candle before (up), or the mirror below the lower band (down), while squeezed.

n = 20: Band length
k = 2: Standard deviations
squeeze = 60: Tightest in this many candles

Test this pattern on CUB

Trend and waves

The fitted trend line and the swing count. A wave count is a reading of the swings, not a prophecy.

Trend line: slope, length, strength · reading up or down · any candleThe straight-line fit through the last N closes: how steep, how long, how clean. This is the slope/length/strength reading (R6) and a version of the 20-candle rule that fires on a clean run even when one close in the middle dipped.

Fit a least-squares line through the last N closes (x = candle index).
Slope % = slope / mean close × 100, per candle. R² = share of the variance the line explains (1 = a ruler, 0 = chop).
Length = candles since the window's low (for a rising line) or high (falling). Magnitude = % from that extreme to the last close.
Continuing = the last close is on the slope's side of the fitted line, or the last three closes all moved with the slope.
The pattern completes when |slope %| ≥ min_slope_pct and R² ≥ min_r2; consecutive qualifying candles count once, at the first.
Progress always reports the current slope, R², length, magnitude and whether it is continuing.

n = 20: Candles in the fit (N)
min_slope_pct = 0.08: Minimum slope, % per candle
min_r2 = 0.8: Minimum R²

Test this pattern on CUB

Impulse wave (five swings, Elliott-style) · reading up or down · any candleFive alternating swings that obey the three classical impulse rules. A count, not a prophecy: the same swings can be counted more than one way, and this is the plain mechanical reading.

Find swings with the zigzag at swing_pct.
Take six consecutive confirmed pivots L-H-L-H-L-H (up) or H-L-H-L-H-L (down).
Rule 1: wave 2 does not retrace past the start of wave 1.
Rule 2: wave 3 is not the shortest of waves 1, 3 and 5.
Rule 3: wave 4 does not enter the price territory of wave 1.
Each wave must make progress: 3 beyond 1, 5 beyond 3.
The pattern completes when the sixth pivot is confirmed. Progress reports 'wave 5 under way' when the first five pivots hold and the live swing is the fifth wave.

swing_pct = 0.75: Minimum swing size, %

Test this pattern on CUB

Multi-candle shapes

Two- and three-candle shapes from the classical catalogue.

Bullish engulfing · reading up · any candleA down candle followed by an up candle whose body covers it, after a decline. Read as the decline being rejected in one candle.

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes below its open; second closes above its open.
Second's open ≤ first's close and second's close ≥ first's open (its body covers the first's body).
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is negative (set 0 to skip).

context = 5: Decline measured over this many candles before

Test this pattern on CUB

Bearish engulfing · reading down · any candleAn up candle followed by a down candle whose body covers it, after a rise.

Take two consecutive candles.
First closes above its open; second closes below its open.
Second's open ≥ first's close and second's close ≤ first's open.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before the pair is positive (set 0 to skip).

context = 5: Rise measured over this many candles before

Test this pattern on CUB

Morning star · reading up · any candleA long down candle, a small-bodied candle, then an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first. Read as a decline stalling and turning.

Take three consecutive candles.
First: a down candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: an up candle closing above the midpoint of the first candle's body.

small_pct = 30: Middle candle body, % of the first's

Test this pattern on CUB

Evening star · reading down · any candleA long up candle, a small-bodied candle, then a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first.

Take three consecutive candles.
First: an up candle with a body at least the average body of the ten candles before it.
Second: a body no bigger than small_pct of the first's body.
Third: a down candle closing below the midpoint of the first candle's body.

small_pct = 30: Middle candle body, % of the first's

Test this pattern on CUB

Three white soldiers · reading up · any candleThree up candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing higher, with little upper wick.

Take three consecutive candles, all closing above their opens.
Each close above the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each upper wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

wick_pct = 30: Maximum upper wick, % of body

Test this pattern on CUB

Three black crows · reading down · any candleThree down candles in a row, each opening inside the previous body and closing lower, with little lower wick.

Take three consecutive candles, all closing below their opens.
Each close below the previous close.
Each open inside the previous candle's body.
Each lower wick no more than wick_pct of its body.

wick_pct = 30: Maximum lower wick, % of body

Test this pattern on CUB

Single-candle shapes

One candle's body and wicks. Weak on their own; shown with what followed on this name.

Doji · reading neutral · any candleOpen and close almost equal: the candle ranged but ended where it began. Read as indecision.

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≤ body_pct of the range.

body_pct = 10: Body no more than this % of the range

Test this pattern on CUB

Hammer · reading up · any candleA long lower wick and a small body near the top, after a decline: the candle went well below and was pulled back up. Read as a low being rejected.

Lower wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Upper wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is negative (set 0 to skip).
The wick's low is reported as the level rejected.

wick_times = 2: Lower wick at least this many × body
other_wick_pct = 15: Upper wick at most this % of range
context = 5: Decline measured over this many candles before

Test this pattern on CUB

Shooting star · reading down · any candleA long upper wick and a small body near the bottom, after a rise: the candle went well above and was pushed back down. Read as a high being rejected.

Upper wick ≥ wick_times × body.
Lower wick ≤ other_wick_pct of the range.
Context: the net move over the `context` candles before is positive (set 0 to skip).
The wick's high is reported as the level rejected.

wick_times = 2: Upper wick at least this many × body
other_wick_pct = 15: Lower wick at most this % of range
context = 5: Rise measured over this many candles before

Test this pattern on CUB

Marubozu · reading up or down · any candleAlmost no wicks: the candle opened at one end of its range and closed at the other. Read as one side in control for the whole candle.

Body = |close − open|; range = high − low.
The pattern completes when range > 0 and body ≥ body_pct of the range.
Direction is the candle's colour.

body_pct = 90: Body at least this % of the range

Test this pattern on CUB

Indicator definitions: SMA(n) is the mean of the last n closes. RSI(n) is Wilder's — average gain over average loss, smoothed by (previous × (n−1) + now) / n. ATR(n) is the Wilder-smoothed mean of the true range. Bollinger bands are SMA(n) ± k standard deviations of the same n closes. VWAP is Σ(typical price × volume) / Σ volume within the session, typical price = (high + low + close) / 3. The trend line is ordinary least squares on close against candle index. Swings come from a zigzag that confirms a pivot once price has moved the swing size against it.